Introduction to Ocean Sciences
- Page ID
- 40848
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 5: Water and Seawater
- 5.1: Origins and Distribution of the Earth's Water
- 5.2: The Water Molecule
- 5.3: The Dissolving Power of Water
- 5.4: Sources and Sinks of Chemicals Dissolved in Seawater
- 5.5: Salinity
- 5.6: Dissolved Chemicals in Seawater
- 5.7: Heat Properties of Water
- 5.8: Effects of Pressure, Temperature, and Dissolved Salts on Seawater
- 5.9: Ice Formation
- 5.10: Surface Tension and Viscosity
- 5.11: Transmission of Light and Other Electromagnetic Radiation
- 5.12: Transmission of Sound
- 5.13: Chapter Summary
- 6: Ocean Sediments
- 6.1: Sediments and Biogeochemical Cycles
- 6.2: Classification of Sediments
- 6.3: Lithogenous Sediments
- 6.4: Biogenous Sediments
- 6.5: Hydrogenous Sediments
- 6.6: Cosmogenous Sediments
- 6.7: Sediment Transport, Deposition, and Accumulation
- 6.8: Continental Margin Sediments
- 6.9: Distribution of Surface Sediments
- 6.10: The Sediment Historical Record
- 6.11: Chapter Summary
- 7: Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions
- 7.1: The Atmosphere
- 7.2: Water Vapor in the Atmosphere
- 7.3: Water and Heat Budgets
- 7.4: Climatic Winds
- 7.5: Climate and Ocean Surface Water Properties
- 7.6: Interannual Climate Variations
- 7.7: Land-Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions
- 7.8: Global Climate Zones
- 7.9: Weather Systems
- 7.10: Local Weather Effects
- 7.11: Chapter Summary
- 8: Ocean Circulation
- 8.1: Energy Sources
- 8.2: Wind-Driven Currents
- 8.3: Ekman Motion
- 8.4: Geostrophic Currents
- 8.5: Open-Ocean Surface Currents
- 8.6: Equatorial Surface Currents
- 8.7: High-Latitude Surface Currents
- 8.8: Upwelling and Downwelling
- 8.9: Coastal Currents
- 8.10: Eddies
- 8.11: Inertial Currents
- 8.12: Langmuir Circulation
- 8.13: Thermohaline Circulation
- 8.14: Ocean Circulation and Climate
- 8.15: Tracing Water Masses
- 8.16: Chapter Summary
- 9: Waves
- 9.1: Complexity of Ocean Waves
- 9.2: Progressive Waves
- 9.3: What is Wave Motion?
- 9.4: Making Waves
- 9.5: Sea Development and Wave Height
- 9.6: Wave Dissipation
- 9.7: Deep-Water Waves
- 9.8: Waves in Shallow Water
- 9.9: Tsunamis
- 9.10: Internal Waves
- 9.11: Rossby and Kelvin Waves
- 9.12: Standing Waves
- 9.13: Chapter Summary
- 12: Foundations of Life in the Oceans
- 12.1: How do we describe life?
- 12.2: Production, Consumption, and Decomposition
- 12.3: Microbes in Charge
- 12.4: Phototropic Primary Production and Light
- 12.5: Primary Production and Nutrients
- 12.6: Food Webs
- 12.7: Geographic Variation in Primary Production
- 12.8: Dissolved Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
- 12.9: Organic Carbon
- 12.10: Biological Provinces and Zones
- 12.11: Plankton
- 12.12: Nekton
- 12.13: Benthos
- 12.14: Chapter Summary