Glossary
- Page ID
- 40857
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)| Words (or words that have the same definition) | The definition is case sensitive | (Optional) Image to display with the definition [Not displayed in Glossary, only in pop-up on pages] | (Optional) Caption for Image | (Optional) External or Internal Link | (Optional) Source for Definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Eg. "Genetic, Hereditary, DNA ...") | (Eg. "Relating to genes or heredity") |  |
The infamous double helix | https://bio.libretexts.org/ | CC-BY-SA; Delmar Larsen |
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Word(s) |
Definition |
Image | Caption | Link | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acidification | An increase of hydrogen ion concentration to make a solution more acidic or less alkaline. In ocean acidification refers to the addition of anthropogenic carbon dioxide to the oceans that reduces the pH and renders cacium carbonate more soluble. | ||||
| anoxia, anoxic | Total absence of dissolved or free molecular oxygen. | ||||
| anthropogenic | Produced by humans and their activities. | ||||
| archaea, archean, archeal | Microorganisms of the domain Archaea (previously called Archaeobacteria) that belong to an ancient group of organisms that are separate from bacteria and from which eukaryotes (multicelled organisms) may have evolved. Many archaeal species are chemosynthetic and live in extreme environments. | ||||
| bathymetry, bathymetric | Seafloor mapping; the study of landform features beneath the water surface. A bathymetric map gives the depth contours of the seafloor. | ||||
| chart | A specialized map used for navigation, especially at sea or in the air, showing features such as coastlines, water depths, hazards, and navigation aids. | ||||
| chemosynthesis, chemosynthetic | Production of organic compounds from inorganic substances by use of energy obtained from the oxidation of substances such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, hydrogen, and methane. | ||||
| chronometer | Clock that has sufficient long-term accuracy and tolerance of motion that it can be used as a portable time standard. | ||||
| contour, contoured | Line on a chart or graph that connects points of equal value of the parameter charted (e.g., ocean depth, temperature, salinity). | ||||
| coral reef | Mainly calcareous reef composed substantially of coral, coralline algae, and sand. Coral reefs are present only in waters where the minimum average monthly temperature is 18°C or higher. | ||||
| crust | Outer shell of the solid Earth. The lower limit of the crust is usually considered to be the Mohorovi˘ci´c discontinuity (top of the asthenosphere). The thickness of the crust ranges from about 6 km beneath the oceans to 30 to 40 km beneath the continents. | ||||
| deoxygenation | Reducing the concentration of dissolved oxygen. Applied to oceans refers to the lowering of dissolved oxygen in deep waters due to anthropogenic influences including excessive nutrient inputs, and climate change induced increased surface layer temperature that leads to higher primary production and a strengthened pycnocline that slows deep ocean water circulation. May lead to hypoxia and anoxia. | ||||
| detritus | Any loose material, but generally decomposed, broken, and dead organisms. | ||||
| environment | Physical and chemical characteristics of a location or area. | ||||
| fossil fuel | Fuel that is derived directly from fossilized organic matter. Fossil fuels include oil, natural gas, coal, and peat. | ||||
| greenhouse effect | Tendency of the atmosphere or greenhouse glass to be transparent to incoming solar radiation while absorbing (or reflecting) longer-wavelength heat radiation from the Earth. | ||||
| invertebrate | Animal that has no backbone. | ||||
| isobar, isobaric | Line that connects values of equal pressure on a map or graph. | ||||
| isopycnal | Line that connects values of equal density on a map or graph. | ||||
| isotherm | Line that connects points of equal temperature on a graph or map. | ||||
| jelly, jellies, jellyfish | gelationous holoplankton of the class Scyphozoa, Phylum Cnidaria. | ||||
| latitude, latitudinal | Partial designation of location on the Earth’s surface. Latitude is expressed as the angular distance north or south of the equator. The equator has a latitude of 0°, the North Pole 90°N, and the South Pole 90°S | ||||
| longitude, longitudinal | Partial designation of location on the Earth’s surface. Longitude is expressed as the angular distance east or west of the Greenwich meridian (0° longitude). 180° longitude is the international date line. | ||||
| molal, molality | Concentration of a dissolved substance in moles per kiogram of solvent. | ||||
| molar, molarity | Concentration of a dissolved substance in moles per liter of solvent. | ||||
| monsoon, monsoonal | Seasonally reversing winds, especially those in the Indian Ocean and southern Asia that blow from the southwest during summer and from the northeast during winter. The term is derived from the Arabic word for season, mausim. | ||||
| pH, acidity, alkalinity | Measure of acidity or alkalinity. pH is measured on a logarithmic scale of 1 to 14 in which lower values indicate higher hydrogen ion concentration and therefore higher acidity. | ||||
| photosynthesis, photosynthesize, photosynthetic | Production of carbohydrate from carbon dioxide and in the presence of chlorophyll or related pigments by the use of light energy. | ||||
| phototroph, phototrophic | Organism that uses light energy (photon capture) to produce food (generally from inorganic substances). Includes but is not limited to organisms that use photosynthesis. | ||||
| phototrophy | Any process by which an organisms produces food (usually from from inorganic substances) using light as the source of energy. | ||||
| pycnocline | Depth range in the water column in which density changes rapidly in the vertical dimension. | ||||
| respiration, respire | Process by which organisms use organic materials (food) as a source of energy. Respiration normally uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide. | ||||
| sediment | Particles of organic or inorganic origin that accumulate in loose form. | ||||
| steady state | Condition of equilibrium in a system in which the inputs of a substance or energy are equal to the outputs and the distribution of the substance or energy within the system does not change with time. | ||||
| topography, topographic | Shapes, patterns, and physical configuration of the surface of the land or seafloor, including its relief (local differences in elevation or depth) and the positions of natural and human-made features. | ||||