Appendix 2 - Dimensions of Earth and Ocean
- Page ID
- 52295
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)The Earth
| Space | Distance (km) |
|---|---|
| Radius at equator | 6,378 |
| Radius at poles | 6,357 |
| Average radius | 6,371 |
| Circumference at equator | 40,077 |
Areas of Land and Oceans
| Space | Area (km2) |
|---|---|
| Land (29.22% of total) | 149,000,000 |
| Oceans and seas (70.78%) | 361,000,000 |
| Pacific Ocean (marginal seas included) | 180,000,000 |
| Atlantic Ocean (marginal seas included) | 107,000,000 |
| Indian Ocean (marginal seas included) | 74,000,000 |
| Ice sheets and glaciers | 15,600,000 |
| Land plus continental shelf | 177,400,000 |
| Land in the Northern Hemisphere | 100,200,000 |
| Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere | 154,800,000 |
| Land in the Southern Hemisphere | 48,700,000 |
| Ocean in the Southern Hemisphere | 206,300,000 |
Percentage of Ocean Area Occupied by Ocean Provinces
| Space | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Continental shelf and slope | 15.30% |
| Continental rise | 5.3% |
| Abyssal seafloor | 41.80% |
| Volcanoes and volcanic ridges | 3.1% |
| Oceanic ridges and rises | 32.70% |
| Trenches | 1.7% |
Density and Mass of Earth's Spheres
| Space | Average Thickness or Radius (km) |
Mean Density (g · cm–1) |
Total Mass (1024 g) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atmosphere | — | — | 0.005 |
| Oceans and seas | 3.8 | 1.03 | 1.41 |
| Ice sheets and glaciers | 1.6 | 0.9 | 0.023 |
| Continental crust (includes continental shelves) | 35 | 2.8 | 17.39 |
| Oceanic crust (excludes continental shelves) | 8 | 2.9 | 7.71 |
| Mantle | 2881 | 4.53 | 4068 |
| Core | 3473 | 10.7 | 1881 |
Elevations and Depths
| Space | Distance (m) |
|---|---|
| Average elevation of land | 840 |
| Average depth of oceans | 3,800 |
| Average depth of Pacific Ocean (marginal seas excluded) | 3,940 |
| Average depth of Atlantic Ocean (marginal seas excluded) | 3,310 |
| Average depth of Indian Ocean (marginal seas excluded) | 3,840 |
| Highest elevation of land (Mount Everest) | 8,848 |
| Greatest depth of oceans (Mariana Trench) | 11,035 |