2: Mineral Chemistry

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2.1 Carrollite has the formula Cu(Co,Ni)₂S₄

KEY CONCEPTS

All matter, including mineral matter, is made of elements.
8 to 10 elements account for most of Earth’s mass but the elements are distributed unevenly.
The Periodic Chart of the Elements orders elements by their atomic number and groups elements with similar properties.
Elements with similar properties may substitute for each other in minerals and many minerals have variable compositions.
Ionic, covalent, or metallic bonding are most common in minerals.
The kind of bonding affects mineral properties.
We describe mineral compositions by giving weight %s of the elements or oxides present.
Weight % values can be normalized to give chemical formulas.
Although 1000s of minerals are known, only a small number are common.

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