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- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Introduction_to_Petrology_(Johnson_and_Liu)/02%3A_Using_the_Petrographic_Microscope/2.07%3A_Properties_Under_Cross_Polarized_LightIf you are unsure of the interference color, it can be helpful to look at the edges of the mineral grain, which may show interference color banding that can help narrow down the color. From this point...If you are unsure of the interference color, it can be helpful to look at the edges of the mineral grain, which may show interference color banding that can help narrow down the color. From this point, follow the diagonal line to the top of the chart to determine the birefringence value, and to see minerals with this birefringence.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Gemology/07%3A_Optical_Properties_of_Gemstones
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Gemology/16%3A_Gemstones/16.08%3A_Garnet/16.8.03%3A_GrossularWithin this group, Merelani Mint garnet is a grossular variety that is found in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania. Tsavorite (or tsavolite) is a grossular that, like the Meralani mint, is green in colour...Within this group, Merelani Mint garnet is a grossular variety that is found in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania. Tsavorite (or tsavolite) is a grossular that, like the Meralani mint, is green in colour. The distinction between a 'regular' green grossular and tsavorite is commonly thought to be a function of saturation and tone. Mali garnet is a yellow-green variety of grossular with a slight overlap in the grossular-andradite series.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Gemology/16%3A_Gemstones/16.32%3A_DiasporeFigure \PageIndex1: Color-changing diaspore from green in daylight to brown in incandescent light - also known as “Zultanite” in the gem market. When Zultanite Gems LLC acquired the mining locat...Figure \PageIndex1: Color-changing diaspore from green in daylight to brown in incandescent light - also known as “Zultanite” in the gem market. When Zultanite Gems LLC acquired the mining location, this color-change variety of diaspore was marketed under the tradename "zultanite®". At present (2007) sole distribution rights of "zultanite®" are granted to GemsTV. Diaspore may be confused with peridot due to the strong doubling of back facets, but diaspore is usually much paler in color.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Gemology/09%3A_Specific_Gravity
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Gemology/16%3A_Gemstones/16.07%3A_ZoisiteZoisite Chemical composition Calcium aluminum silicate Crystal system Orthorhombic Habit Prismatic and massive Cleavage Perfect, prismatic Fracture Uneven Hardness Optic nature Biaxial + Refractive in...Zoisite Chemical composition Calcium aluminum silicate Crystal system Orthorhombic Habit Prismatic and massive Cleavage Perfect, prismatic Fracture Uneven Hardness Optic nature Biaxial + Refractive index 1.685-1.707 Birefringence 0.008 Dispersion Low, 0.012 Specific gravity 3.35 Lustre Vitreous Pleochroism Strong in blue Figure \PageIndex1: Zoisite with ruby bead
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/GemologyThe Gemology Project is a non-profit gemstone and gem science wiki-style database for anyone interested in gemstones and gemology.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Mineralogy_(Perkins_et_al.)/07%3A_Sedimentary_Minerals_and_Sedimentary_RocksWeathering involves the decomposition and breaking apart of rocks at Earth’s surface. Products of weathering may be transported and deposited to produce clastic or chemical sediments. Clastic material...Weathering involves the decomposition and breaking apart of rocks at Earth’s surface. Products of weathering may be transported and deposited to produce clastic or chemical sediments. Clastic material typically comprises quartz and clays; less commonly other minerals. We name clastic sedimentary rocks based primarily on clast size. We name chemical sedimentary rocks based primarily on composition.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Controversies_in_the_Earth_Sciences_(Richardson)/01%3A_Preinstructional_Activities/1.06%3A_What_is_Your_Earth_Science_BackgroundGo to Canvas and take the "Pre-instructional background quiz," which you can find in the Pre-instructional Activities module. The quiz is entirely self-contained in Canvas. When you submit your quiz, ...Go to Canvas and take the "Pre-instructional background quiz," which you can find in the Pre-instructional Activities module. The quiz is entirely self-contained in Canvas. When you submit your quiz, it will be shared with me. I just want to get a sense of your Earth science background, relevant to the lessons we'll cover in this course. You should get feedback right away, but don't worry if Canvas gives you a bad grade. Try to get it done by the due date listed on the first page of this lesson.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Controversies_in_the_Earth_Sciences_(Richardson)/05%3A_Why_did_it_take_so_long_to_convince/5.12%3A_Playing_with_a_Simple_Climate_ModelFor example, if, as in the default scenario, we cap CO 2 concentration at 450ppm by 2100, then the sea level rise plot shows the effect of that, but the emissions plot shows what we'd have to do to st...For example, if, as in the default scenario, we cap CO 2 concentration at 450ppm by 2100, then the sea level rise plot shows the effect of that, but the emissions plot shows what we'd have to do to stabilize at that concentration, and the temperature plot shows what the temperature rise relative to 1850 would be in that situation.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Mineralogy_(Perkins_et_al.)/02%3A_Mineral_Chemistry/2.02%3A_Elements_and_the_Periodic_Table/2.2.02%3A_Atomic_Number_and_MassZ is also equal to the number of electrons orbiting the nucleus in neutral (non-ionized) atoms, and is close to the number of electrons in most ions. Because the size of its electron cloud controls th...Z is also equal to the number of electrons orbiting the nucleus in neutral (non-ionized) atoms, and is close to the number of electrons in most ions. Because the size of its electron cloud controls the diameter of an atom, elements with greater atomic number, with many protons and thus many electrons, are larger than those or lower atomic number. Mass number, designated by the variable A, is equal to the number of protons and the number of neutrons combined: A = Z + N.
