6: California’s Agriculture

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Page ID: 36049

Jeremy Patrich
College of the Canyons

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Learning Objectives

Identify regions of California agriculture, livestock, and floriculture.
Recognize California's importance in supporting the world with fresh produce.
Identify Several specific primary crops that are produced in California.
Understand the environmental and social effects of drought in California.

Agriculture is a significant sector in California's economy, producing nearly $55 billion in revenue in 2023. There are more than 400 commodity crops grown across California, including a significant portion of all fruits, vegetables, and nuts for the United States. In 2017, there were 77,100 unique farms and ranches in the state, operating across 25.3 million acres (102,000 square kilometers) of land. The average farm size was 328 acres, significantly less than the average farm size in the U.S. of 444 acres. Because of its scale, and the naturally arid climate, the agricultural sector uses about 40% of California's water consumption. Along with the positives, the agricultural sector is also connected to negative environmental and the health impacts, including being one of the principal sources of water pollution.

6.1: California’s Agricultual Past
California plays a significant role in U.S. agriculture, representing over one-tenth of the nation's output value. The state's agriculture is characterized by diversity, high yields, and unique institutions shaped by various contributors including farmers and policymakers. Historically, Indigenous Californians practiced resource management, and after the arrival of Europeans, the landscape saw a shift towards diverse crop cultivation. The 1850s Gold Rush spurred mass agricultural development.
6.2: Citrus King and Selling the California Dream
California has a rich history of citrus cultivation, prominently featuring Washington Seedless Navel and Valencia varieties. In the early 20th century, Orange County thrived on citrus agriculture, with vast orchards and a diverse workforce, including immigrants. Over time, urban development and shifts in labor led to a decline in citrus acreage. By 1985, Valencia groves dwindled significantly.
6.3: The California Hass Avocado
The California Avocado, specifically the Hass variety, has a rich history. Originating in south-central Mexico, avocados date back as far as 7,000 B.C. The Hass Avocado, developed from a seed planted by A.R. Rideout and popularized by Rudolph Hass in California, now accounts for 95% of California's production and 80% of avocados consumed worldwide. California leads U.S. avocado production, with the fruit generating over $1 billion annually in the U.S.
6.4: California's Other Farming Products
California is a major hub for agriculture, producing over 400 commodities and accounting for more than a third of the US's vegetables and three-quarters of its fruits and nuts. In 2023, the top commodities include dairy products, grapes, and almonds. Additionally, California's nursery and floral sector contributes significantly to the state's agricultural revenue, generating an average of $3.73 billion annually from 2013 to 2017. The industry is largely urban with operations in 56 counties.
6.5: Irrigation
The text discusses significant investments to increase the productivity of California's land, particularly through water control and irrigation. These efforts transform the landscape, initially focusing on flood control and, subsequently, irrigation. Early irrigation was dominated by small-scale initiatives and groundwater usage, but by the 1970s, irrigation districts became the primary water suppliers.

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