14.9.3: References
- Page ID
- 50294
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\dsum}{\displaystyle\sum\limits} \)
\( \newcommand{\dint}{\displaystyle\int\limits} \)
\( \newcommand{\dlim}{\displaystyle\lim\limits} \)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)
\( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)
\( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\(\newcommand{\longvect}{\overrightarrow}\)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Figure 14-1a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Flamboyant cuttlefish (Metasepia pfefferi).
Figure 14-1b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Flamboyant cuttlefish (Metasepia pfefferi).
Figure 14-1c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Flamboyant cuttlefish (Metasepia pfefferi).
Figure 14-1d – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Flamboyant cuttlefish (Metasepia pfefferi).
Figure 14-1e – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Young flamboyant cuttlefish (Metasepia pfefferi).
Figure 14-2a – Uwe Kils, 2011: Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). Accessed 20 March 2026, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antarctic_krill_%28Euphausia_superba%29.jpg.
Figure 14-2b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Banded coral shrimp (Stenopus hispidus, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-2c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Harlequin shrimp (Hymenocera elegans, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-3a – Hopcroft, R., 2015: Limacina helicina, UAF/NOAA. Accessed 20 March 2026, https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/ocean-fact/acidification/.
Figure 14-3b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Marine gastropod, a harp shell (Harpa major, Indonesia).
Figure 14-4b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Individual members of the salp colony.
Figure 14-6a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: A sea pen (order Pennatulacea, Papua New Guinea) with its feeding polyps oriented into the current.
Figure 14-6b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: A sea pen (order Pennatulacea, Papua New Guinea) with its feeding polyps oriented into the current.
Figure 14-6c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Sand anemone (Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-6d – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Tube worm (family Sabellidae, Papua New Guinea) with its netlike feeding apparatus extended into the water column.
Figure 14-7a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: California mussels (Mytilus californianus, Monterey, California).
Figure 14-7b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Pacific spiny oyster (Spondylus varians, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-7c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Colony of barnacles in Monterey, California.
Figure 14-7d – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Coral barnacles (order Pyrgomatidae, Indonesia).
Figure 14-8a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: A hard coral known as brain coral (Diploria sp., Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-8b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: A hard coral often called staghorn coral (Acropora sp., Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-8c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Close-up showing polyps of a hard coral species (Tubastrea sp., Fiji) extended to feed at night.
Figure 14-8d – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Colony of a soft coral (Dendronephthya sp., Fiji). Dendronephthya occur in many different colors.
Figure 14-8e – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Typical gorgonian sea fan (Melithaea sp., Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-8f – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Close-up of a soft coral colony (Xenia sp., Papua New Guinea) showing individual polyps at different stages of feeding.
Figure 14-8g – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: A small suspension-feeding colonial anemone (Nemanthus annamensis, Fiji).
Figure 14-8h – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: A colonial zooanthid (Protopalythoa sp., Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-8i – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: A “magnificent sea anemone” (Heteractis magnifica, Fiji), here providing a home for a pink anemonefish (Amphiprion perideraion).
Figure 14-9a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Lightbulb tunicate (Clavelina sp., Philippines).
Figure 14-9b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: The colonial tunicate species Didemnum molle (Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-9c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Three tall, blue and blue-green Rhopalaea sp. and three smaller Clavelina robusta (Indonesia) with darker bodies and yellow markings around their incurrent and excurrent openings.
Figure 14-9d – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Colonial tunicate that covers and encrusts the reef (Botryllus sp., Indonesia).
Figure 14-10a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: A creeping sea cucumber (Cucumaria sp., Philippines) with its suspension-feeding apparatus extended.
Figure 14-10b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: A basket star (family Gorgonocephalidae, Papua New Guinea) with its arms extended into the current to feed at night.
Figure 14-10c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: A sabellid spiral fan worm (Protula magnifica, Indonesia).
Figure 14-10d – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: A Christmas tree worm (Spirobranchus giganteus, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-11a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Long-spined sea urchins (Diadema savignyi, Papua New Guinea), browsing across the seafloor.
Figure 14-11b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: An allied, or egg, cowrie (Primovula sp., Indonesia) on a gorgonian sea fan.
Figure 14-11c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: A flabellina nudibranch (Flabellina rubrolineata, Indonesia).
Figure 14-11d – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Spectacular nudibranch (Pyllodesmium undulatum, Papua New Guinea)
Figure 14-12b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Turtle grass (Thalassia sp.).
Figure 14-12c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Spartina sp. (Aruba, Caribbean Sea), form dense beds in many coastal wetlands where the water is brackish.
Figure 14-12d – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas, Hawaii).
Figure 14-13d – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Blackstriped goatfish (Upeneus tragula, Indonesia).
Figure 14-14a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Twospot lizardfish (Synodus binotatus, Indonesia).
Figure 14-14b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Striated frogfish (Antennarius striatus, Indonesia).
Figure 14-14c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Falco, or dwarf, hawkfish (Cirrhitichthys falco, Indonesia).
Figure 14-14d – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Fire goby or dartfish (Nemateleotris magnifica, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-14e – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Bennett’s butterflyfish (Chaetodon bennetti, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-15b – Adapted from SEFSC Pascagoula Laboratory, 2013: A large painted anglerfish (Chaunax pictus). NOAA NMFS SEFSC, Collection of Brandi Noble, accessed 20 March 2026, https://www.noaa.gov/media/digital-library-photo/pl23fish4157jpg.
Figure 14-16a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Crinoid shrimp (Periclimenes amboinensis, Papua New Guinea) on their host crinoid.
Figure 14-16b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Crinoid shrimp (Periclimenes amboinensis, Indonesia) on their host crinoid.
Figure 14-16c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: A peacockspoted partially buried in the sand (Phyllichths punctatus, Indonesia).
Figure 14-16d – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Raggy scorpionfish (Scorpaenopsis venosa, Indonesia).
Figure 14-16e – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Ghost pipefish (Solenostomus halimeda, Papua New Guinea)
Figure 14-16f – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Decorator spider crab (Camposa retusa, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-16g – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Commensal spider crab (Xenocarcinus conicus, Palau) on a gorgonian coral.
Figure 14-16h – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Pygmy (or gorgonian) seahorse (Hippocampus bargibanti, Indonesia).
Figure 14-16i – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Spotted seahorse (Hippocampus kuda) in Papua New Guinea.
Figure 14-16j – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Coral shrimp (Dasycaris zanzibarica, Indonesia).
Figure 14-16k – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Tiny spider crab (Xenocarcinus tuberculatus, Indonesia).
Figure 14-16l – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Sea star shrimp (Zenopontonia noverca, Indonesia).
Figure 14-17a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Trevally, called a “rainbow runner” (Elagatis bipinnulata, Solomon Islands).
Figure 14-17b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Bluefin trevally (Caranx melampygus, Solomon Islands).
Figure 14-17c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Blacksaddle mimic filefish or leatherjacket (Paraluteres prionurus, Philippines).
Figure 14-17d – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Black-saddled toby (Canthigaster valentini, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-17e – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: A cleaner wrasse.
Figure 14-17e-inset – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Cleaner wrasse (Labroides pcthirophagus, Hawaii).
Figure 14-17f – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Juvenile mimic surgeonfish (Acanthurus pyroferus, Indonesia).
Figure 14-17f-inset – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Adult mimic surgeonfish (Acanthurus pyroferus, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-17g – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Pearlscale angelfish (Centropyge vrolikii, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-18a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Nocturnal shrimp (Fiji).
Figure 14-18b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Crescenttailed bigeye (Priacanthus hamrur, Fiji).
Figure 14-18c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Coral crab (probably Cancer sp., Fiji).
Figure 14-18d – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Fire urchin (Asthenosoma intermedium, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-18e – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Octopus luteus, Indonesia.
Figure 14-19a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Black-headed parrotfish (Scarus gibbus, Fiji).
Figure 14-19b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Mud snail (Nassarius papillosus, Hawaii).
Figure 14-19c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Cone shell (Conus geographicus, Red Sea).
Figure 14-19d – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Orbicular burrfish (Cyclichthys orbicularis, Philippines).
Figure 14-19e – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Orbicular burrfish (Cyclichthys orbicularis, Philippines).
Figure 14-19f – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Spotted boxfish (Ostracion meleagris, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-20a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Haddon’s sea anemone (Stichodactyla haddoni, Indonesia).
Figure 14-20b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Tomato anemonefish (Amphiprion frenatus, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-20c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Clown anemonefish (Amphiprion percula, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-20d – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Pink anemonefish (Amphiprion perideraion, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-20e – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Spinecheek anemonefish (Premnas biaculeatus, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-20f – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Clark’s anemonefish (Amphiprion clarkii, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-21 – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Tuna (Thunnus sp., Fiji).
Figure 14-22a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Cornetfish (Fistularia commersonii, Red Sea).
Figure 14-22b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Klein’s butterflyfish (Chaetodon kleinii, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-22c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Klein’s butterflyfish (Chaetodon kleinii, Papua New Guinea)
Figure 14-23 – Concept from Webb, P. W. (1984). Form and Function in Fish Swimming. Sci. Am., 251, 72–83. http://www.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0784-72.
Figure 14-23a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Meyer’s butterflyfish (Chaetodon meyeri, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-23b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Sergeant fish (Abudefduf sp., Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-23c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Cheeklined wrasse (Oxycheilinus digramma, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-23d – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Yellowstreak fusilier (Pterocaesio lativittata, Vanuatu).
Figure 14-23e – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Flounder (Bothus sp., Hawaii).
Figure 14-23f – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Trevally (probably Carangoides sp., Fiji).
Figure 14-23g – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Chevron barracuda (Sphyraena putnamiae, Solomon Islands).
Figure 14-24a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Threadfin, or red-cheeked fairy basslet (Pseudanthias huchtii, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-24c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Barred filefish, also called an orange-fin filefish (Cantherhines dumerilii, Hawaii).
Figure 14-25 – Concept adapted from Thruman, H. V., 1987: Essentials of Oceanography 2nd Editions. Charles E. Merrill, 384 pp.
Figure 14-25a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Blue-girdled angelfish (Pomacanthus navarchus) in Papua New Guinea.
Figure 14-25b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Redbreasted Maori wrasse (Cheilinus fasciatus) in Papua New Guinea.
Figure 14-25c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Black-spot angelfish (Genicanthus melanospilos) in Papua New Guinea.
Figure 14-25d – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Trevally (Carangoides sp.) in Papua New Guinea.
Figure 14-25e – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Gray reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) in Palau.
Figure 14-26a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Zebra lionfish (Dendrochirus zebra, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-26b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Clown triggerfish (Balistoides conspicillum, Philippines).
Figure 14-26c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Speckled sandperch (Parapercis hexophtalma, Fiji).
Figure 14-26d – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Moon wrasse (Thalassoma lunare, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-26e – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Old Glory goby (Amblygobius rainfordi, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-26f – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Darkspotted moray eel (Gymnothorax fimbriatus, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-26g – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Remora, or sharksucker (Echeneis naucrates, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-27a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Goldman’s sweetlips (Plectorhinchus goldmanni, Vanuatu).
Figure 14-27b – Raver, D., 2005: Rainbow trout illustration, USFWS. Accessed on 20 March 2026, https://www.fws.gov/media/rainbow-trout-11.
Figure 14-28a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Hard coral colony (Acropora sp., Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-28b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Mandarinfish (Synchiropus splendidus, Indonesia) male and female.
Figure 14-28c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Female Lembeh frogfish (Antennarius sp., Indonesia).
Figure 14-28d – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Hypselodoris bullocki, Indonesia.
Figure 14-28e – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Nudibranch laying eggs (Kentrodoris rubescens, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-28f – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Three nudibranchs exchange eggs and sperm simultaneously (Nembrotha rutilans, Indonesia).
Figure 14-28g – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Nudibranch eggs are laid in a characteristic spiral ribbon pattern encased in a protective gel (species unknown, Hawaii)
Figure 14-28h – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Snails lay eggs encased in a protective gel (Epitonium billeeanum, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-28i – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Common reef squid eggs (Sepioteuthis lessoniana, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-28j – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Flamboyant cuttlefish eggs (Metasepia pfefferi, Indonesia).
Figure 14-28k – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Indo-Pacific sergeant (Abudefduf vaigiensis, Vanuatu)
Figure 14-28l – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Thelenota rubralineata, Papua New Guinea.
Figure 14-28l-inset – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Thelenota rubralineata, Papua New Guinea.
Figure 14-28m – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Burrowing sponge (Oceanapia sagittaria, Indonesia).
Figure 14-28n – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-29 – Adapted from Jones, F. R. H., 1968: Fish Migration. With 86 Fig. Edward Arnold Ltd. 1968, 325 pp.
Figure 14-30a – Adapted from Bond, C. E., 1979: Biology of Fishes. W. B. Saunders Company, 514 pp.
– Adapted from Cushing, D. H., 1982: Recruitment. Climate and Fisheries. Academic Press, 61.
Figure 14-30b – Adapted from Steele, J.H., 1977: Population Regulation. Fish Population Dynamics. J. A. Gullard Ed. Wiley, 250–251.
– Adapted from Cushing, D. H., 1982: Recruitment. Climate and Fisheries. Academic Press, 68.
Figure 14-31 – Adapted from Duxbury, A. C., and A. B. Duxbury, 1994: An Introduction to the World’s Oceans, 4th Edition. William C. Brown, 496 pp.
Figure 14-32a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Whip goby (Bryaninops yongei, Indonesia).
Figure 14-32b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Large black isopod parasite (crustacean of the family Cymothoidae commonly known as a “fish doctor”) on a lemon damsel (Pomacentrus moluccensis, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-32c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Flasher scorpionfish (Scorpaenopsis macrochir, Indonesia) with “fish doctor” fish.
Figure 14-32d – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Parasitic snail (Thyca crystallina, Indonesia) on sea star (Linckia laevigata).
Figure 14-33 – Adapted from Dogiel, V. A., G. K. Petrushevski and Yu. I. Polyanski, Eds, 1979: Parasitology of fishes. THF Publications, 384 pp.
Figure 14-34a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Arrowhead crab (Huenia heraldica, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-34b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Xenia swimming crab (Caphyra sp., Indonesia).
Figure 14-34c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Tiny spider crab (Xenocarcinus tuberculatus, Indonesia).
Figure 14-34d – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Porcelain crab (probably Porcellanella triloba, Indonesia).
Figure 14-34e – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Tiny porcelain crab (probably Porcellanella sp., Indonesia).
Figure 14-34f – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Weed cardinalfish (Foa brachygramma, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-34g – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Crinoid clingfish (Discotrema crinophila, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-34h – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Emperor shrimp (Periclimenes imperator, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-34i – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Sea star shrimp (Periclimenes soror, Indonesia).
Figure 14-34j – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Sea star commensal shrimp (Zenopontonia noverca, Indonesia).
Figure 14-34k – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Coleman’s shrimp (Periclimenes colemani, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-34l – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Shrimp (Ancylomenes cf. venustus, Indonesia).
Figure 14-34m – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Shrimp (Periclimenes cf. tosaensis, Indonesia).
Figure 14-34n – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Coral shrimp (Vir philippinensis, Indonesia).
Figure 14-34o – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Humpbacked shrimp (Hippolyte commensalis, Indonesia).
Figure 14-34p – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Tiny urchin shrimp (Gnathophylloides mineri, Indonesia).
Figure 14-34q – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Saw blade shrimp (Tozeuma armatum, Indonesia).
Figure 14-34r – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Scale worms (Gastrolepidia clavigera, Vanuatu).
Figure 14-34s – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Egg cowrie (Pseudosimnia sp., Red Sea).
Figure 14-35a – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Anemone hermit crab (Dardanus sp., Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-35b – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Crab (Dorippe frascone, Indonesia).
Figure 14-35c – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Tiger pistol shrimp (Alpheus bellulus, Indonesia) with a yellow shrimp goby (Cryptocentrus cinctus).
Figure 14-35d – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Giant clam (Tridacna gigas, Papua New Guinea).
Figure 14-35e – Segar, D., and E. Stamman Segar, 1997: Small pistol shrimp (Synalpheus sp., Papua New Guinea).