7: Geologic and Topographic Mapping
- Page ID
- 27083
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- 7.2: Latitude and Longitude
- The surface of the Earth is divided into a grid system of two sets of reference lines. Lines running east-west are called lines of latitude or parallels; those running north-south are called lines of longitude, or meridians. The intersection of latitude and longitude lines describes any point on the Earth’s surface.
Thumbnail: An example of use of layers in a GIS application. In this example, the forest-cover layer (light green) forms the bottom layer, with the topographic layer (contour lines) over it. Next up is a standing water layer (pond, lake) and then a flowing water layer (stream, river), followed by the boundary layer and finally the road layer on top. The order is very important in order to properly display the final result. Note that the ponds are layered under the streams, so that a stream line can be seen overlying one of the ponds. (CC BY 3.0; Jaknouse via Wikipedia)