7.11.3: References
- Page ID
- 50273
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Figure 7-1 – NASA, 2007: Blue Marble – Image of the Earth from Apollo 17. Accessed 21 November 2025, https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/blue-marble-image-of-earth-from-apollo-17/.
Figure 7-1b – Crawford, W., 2011: Funnel cloud off the port side bow. IODP/TAMU, accessed 21 November 2025, https://iodp.tamu.edu/scienceops/gallery/exp335/week3/.
Figure 7-3 – NASA Ozone Watch, 2025: October ozone maps of the Southern Hemisphere. Accessed 21 November 2025, https://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/monthly/monthly_1984-10_SH.html.
Figure 7-5 – Adapted from Abbott, B. W., and Coauthors, 2019: Human domination of the global water cycle absent from depictions and perceptions. Nat. Geosci., 12, 533–540. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0374-y.
Figure 7-6 – Adapted from Simmon, R., 2009: Climate and Earth’s Energy Budget. NASA Earth Observatory, Accessed 21 November 2025, https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/EnergyBalance.
Figure 7-12 – Data from NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis, 2025: Monthly mean surface pressure. Accessed 21 November 2025, https://psl.noaa.gov/mddb2/makePlot.html?variableID=158684.
Figure 7-14 – Adapted from Sverdrup, H. U., M. W. Johnson and R. H. Fleming, 1942: The Oceans, their physics, chemistry, and general biology. Prentice Hall, 1079 pp, http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/kt167nb66r/.
Figure 7-15 – Adapted from Sverdrup, H. U., M. W. Johnson and R. H. Fleming, 1942: The Oceans, their physics, chemistry, and general biology. Prentice Hall, 1079 pp, http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/kt167nb66r/.
Figure 7-16 – Data from Sverdrup, H. U., M. W. Johnson and R. H. Fleming, 1942: The Oceans, their physics, chemistry, and general biology. Prentice Hall, 1079 pp, http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/kt167nb66r/.
Figure 7-17 – Adapted from NASA IMERG, 2023: Grand Average Precipitation Climatology. Accessed 21 November 2025, https://gpm.nasa.gov/data/imerg/precipitation-climatology.
Figure 7-18 – Adapted from NOAA Coral Reef Watch, 2025: Mean Monthly Pacific Ocean Sea Surface Temperature. Accessed 21 November 2025, https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/product/5km/index_5km_composite.php.
Figure 7-21 – Data from NOAA Climate Prediction Center, 2025: Cold and warm episodes by season. Accessed 26 June 2025, https://origin.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ONI_v5.php.
Figure 7-22 – Adapted from Hare, S. R. and N. J. Mantau, 2000: Empirical evidence for North Pacific regime shifts in 1977 and 1989. Prog. Oceanogr. 47, 103–145, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6611(00)00033-1.
Figure 7-23 – Adapted from D.V. Bogdanov, D. V., 1963: Map of the natural zones of the ocean: Okeanologiya 1961. Deep-Sea Res. Oceanogr. Abstr., 10, 520–523, https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(63)90518-7.
– Adapted from Olson, D.M. and Coauthors, 2001: Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth: A new global map of terrestrial ecoregions provides an innovative tool for conserving biodiversity. BioScience, 51, 933–938., https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2.
Figure 7-25 – Data from NWS, 2025: Monthly normal average air temperature for Portland, Oregon; Sheridan, Wyoming; and Boston, Massachusetts. Accessed 21 November 2025, https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate.
Figure 7-28 – Science Education Resource Center, 2006: Oblique satellite view of Hurricane Katrina. Carleton College, accessed 21 November 2025, https://serc.carleton.edu/details/images/5862.html.
Figure 7-29 – Adapted from NHC, 2024: Tropical Cyclone Climatology. Accessed 21 November 2025, https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/climo/.
Figure 7-30 – Adapted from Scott, R. C., 1996: Introduction to physical geography, West Publishing Company, 560 pp.
Doocy, S., A. Dick, A. Daniels, and T. D. Kirsch, 2012: The human impact of tropical cyclones: a historical review of events 1980-2009 and systematic literature review. PLoS Curr., 16, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23857074/.
Ebbesmeyer, C. C., Cayan, D.R. McLain, F.H. Nichols, D.H. Peterson and K.T. Redmond, 1991: 1976 step in the Pacific climate: Forty environmental changes between 1968-75 and 1977-1984. Proc. 7th Ann. Pacific Climate Workshop, California Dept of Water Resources, Interagency Ecol. Stud. Prog. Report 26.