9.12: Student Responses
- Page ID
- 5638
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)1. Type 19 53 48.36 N 155 34 58.11 W in the search bar on Google Earth, and zoom out to an eye altitude of ~615 miles. The magma that resulted in the formation of these islands was generated by what process?
a. decreased pressure (arrow “b”)
b. the addition of water (arrow “d”, which shifts the solidus to the left)
c. increased temperature (arrow “a”)
2. Type 50 16 27.25 N 29 22 05.11 W in the search bar on Google Earth, and zoom out to an eye altitude of ~2663 miles. The magma generated at this location is due to:
a. decreased pressure (arrow “b”)
b. the addition of water (arrow “d”, which shifts the solidus to the left)
c. increased temperature (arrow “a”)
3. Type 36 11 46.85 S 71 09 48.03 W in the search bar on Google Earth, and zoom out to an eye altitude of ~ 2865 miles. The magma responsible for this volcano was generated by what process?
a. decreased pressure (arrow “b”)
b. the addition of water (arrow “d”, which shifts the solidus to the left)
c. increased temperature (arrow “a”)
4. Type “San Andreas Fault” in the search bar on Google Earth; no magma is generated here, because this plate boundary is _____________________.
a. a divergent plate boundary, with decompression melting occurs
b. a convergent plate boundary, where water lowers the melting temperature of rock
c. a transform plate boundary, where no magma is produced
5. A(n) ________________________ at the Mid-Ocean Ridge, where oceanic plates are diverging and magma is generated by partial melting of the mantle.
a. ultramafic magma is produced
b. mafic magma is produced
c. intermediate magma is produced
d. felsic magma is produced
6. Type 19 28 19.70 N 155 35 31.94 W in the search bar on Google Earth, and zoom out to an eye altitude of ~119 miles. This volcano is composed of:
a. mafic rocks, because a hotspot partially melted the mantle below the oceanic crust.
b. mafic rocks, because a hotspot partially melted the oceanic crust.
c. ultramafic rocks, because a hotspot partially melted the mantle below the oceanic crust.
d. ultramafic rocks, because a hotspot partially melted the oceanic crust.
7. Type 35 35 08.45 S 70 45 08.22 W in the search bar in Google Earth. This volcano formed from an intermediate magma type, because:
a. subduction of oceanic crust beneath the continental crust occurs here.
b. continental crust is subducting, causing magma to form.
c. a hot spot is partial melting the continental crust.
d. this is the result of a divergent plate boundary.
8. Type 36 40 41.62 N 108 50 17.22 W in the search bar in Google Earth. The dark-colored rock that forms a straight line on the surface is most likely:
a. a pluton of ultramafic rock.
b. a dike of ultramafic rock.
c. a sill of mafic rock.
d. a dike of mafic rock.
9. Intermediate lavas can flow _____ than mafic lavas, due to the _______viscosity.
a. slower, higher
b. slower, lower
c. faster, higher
d. faster, lower
10. Let’s relate food items to magmas of different viscosity; if we compare how honey and water flow when poured from a container:
a. Then, the honey represents felsic magma while the water represents mafic magma
b. Then, the honey represents mafic magma while the water represents felsic magma.
11. Imagine putting the honey in the refrigerator overnight; will its viscosity be affected?
a. Yes. The viscosity will increase.
b. Yes. The viscosity will decrease.
c. No. There will be no change as the composition stays the same.
12. Keep the honey in mind while you answer this question: when it first erupted, basalt lava typically erupts at 1200°C; after flowing away from the vent, the temperature falls, therefore the viscosity of the basaltic lava will:
a. increase
b. decrease
c. stay the same