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14.2: Definitions

Last updated

Feb 15, 2021
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- 14.1: Marine Environments
- 14.3: Natural Factors Influencing Marine Life-

Miracosta Oceanography 101
Miracosta)

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Definitions

Planktonic: applies to organisms that float or drift with flowing currents (zooplankton are animals, phytoplankton are plants.)
Nektonic: applies to organism that actively move swim by their own means.
Pelagic: means relating to the open sea, chiefly shallow layers. Planktonic and nektonic organisms live in open water (more in chapter 16).
Benthic: means relating to, or occurring at the bottom of a body of water (oceans, lakes), relates to bottom-dwelling organism (more in chapter 15).

The term benthic applies to:

• shoreline and nearshore environments (littoral and estuarine)

• littoral (pertaining to the shore and very near shore of ocean or lake)

• estuarine (pertaining to transition from river to ocean settings)

• neritic (pertaining to the seabed in shallow ocean and deep water settings)

• limnetic (pertaining to lakes)

Terrestrial refers to land environments (desert, mountain, rivers, etc) - some marine predators live in terrestrial environments.

Benthic and Pelagic zones — Figure 14.3. Benthic and pelagic zones.

Elkhorn Slough, a tidal estuary in central California between Monterey and Santa Cruz Counties — Figure 14.4. Elkhorn slough, a tidal estuary in central California, has littoral, estuarine, neritic, and limnetic sub environments.

Feeding behaviors

* Autotrophic: Produce their own food (primary producers)

* Heterotrophic: Eat other things (living or dead) (consumers - primary, secondary, and tertiary).

Feeding strategies of heterotrophic marine organisms:

* Filter feeding: ex: shellfish

* Deposit feeding: Eat deposits of dead or decaying matter

* Carnivorous feeding: Capture and eat it!

Humpback whales join in on a feeding frenzy. — Figure 14.5. Humpback whales and birds joining in on a feeding frenzy on smaller fish who were feeding on zooplankton.

Definitions

Feeding behaviors

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