3.4.4: Streak

3.48 Red hematite streak

Although it would never occur to many people to check a mineral’s streak, streak is sometimes a key diagnostic property. It is not a useful property for identifying most silicates, but is especially useful for distinguishing oxide and sulfide minerals. The streak of a mineral is the color it has when finely powdered. For mineral identification, it is much more reliable than mineral color, and it is easy to determine. The usual method of determining streak is to rub the mineral against a ceramic streak plate or other piece of unglazed ceramic. Figure 3.48 shows a red streak from hematite, and the photo below (Figure 3.49) shows a yellow streak from sulfur. Mineralogists routinely use streak when identifying minerals, both in the laboratory and in the field, but it cannot be determined for minerals harder than the hardness of a streak plate.

3.49 Yellow sulfur streak

Steak color is a good diagnostic property because when a mineral is finely powdered, structural and other nonchemical effects are minimized. Calcite, for example, comes in many different colors, but calcite’s streak is always white. Pyrite (fool’s gold) is yellow but has a dark-colored streak, as does chalcopyrite. Gold, which has a color similar to pyrite’s (in hand specimen), has a yellow-gold streak.

Streak can be extremely useful for telling dark-colored minerals apart, especially metallic ones. For example, hematite may be red, gray, or black in hand specimen and may or may not have a metallic luster. It always, however, has a diagnostic red streak that helps distinguish specular hematite from galena, or other kinds of hematite from similarly colored minerals.

Unfortunately, most minerals have a white or colorless streak. Yet, streak is a key property for identifying a small number of minerals. The table below lists some minerals that often have diagnostic streak colors.

Examples of Minerals that Do Not Have a White Streak
mineral	streak color
magnetite, ilmenite galena rutile goethite sphalerite sodalite azurite chrysocolla malachite orpiment sulfur realgar cinnabar hematite	black lead gray pale or light brown yellow brown to ocher yellow white to light brown or yellow very pale blue to white light blue very pale blue to gray or tan pale green pale yellow to yellow light yellow to yellow orange or reddish yellow dark red to scarlet rust red to blood red