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- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Physical_Geology_(Earle)/20%3A_Geological_Resources/20.03%3A_Fossil_FuelsThis energy comes from gas; approximately 25 m 3 of gas is used to produce 0.16 m 3 (one barrel) of oil. (That’s not quite as bad as it sounds, as the energy equivalent of the required gas is about 20...This energy comes from gas; approximately 25 m 3 of gas is used to produce 0.16 m 3 (one barrel) of oil. (That’s not quite as bad as it sounds, as the energy equivalent of the required gas is about 20% of the energy embodied in the produced oil.) The other environmental cost of oil sands production is the devastation of vast areas of land where strip-mining is taking place and tailings ponds are constructed, and the unavoidable release of contaminants into the groundwater and rivers of the regi…
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Physical_Geology_(Earle)/12%3A_Geological_Structures/12.05%3A_SummaryThe way a rock responds to stress depends on its composition and structure, the rate at which strain is applied, and also to the temperature of the rock body and the presence of water. Label the types...The way a rock responds to stress depends on its composition and structure, the rate at which strain is applied, and also to the temperature of the rock body and the presence of water. Label the types of folds in this diagram, and label any of the important features of the folds. What is the difference between a normal fault and a reverse fault, and under what circumstances would you expect these to form?
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Physical_Geology_(Earle)/08%3A_Measuring_Geological_Time/8.05%3A_Other_Dating_MethodsOn the basis of these results, it was concluded that a major earthquake took place in this region sometime between the end of growing season in 1699 and the beginning of the growing season in 1700. We...On the basis of these results, it was concluded that a major earthquake took place in this region sometime between the end of growing season in 1699 and the beginning of the growing season in 1700. We can see, for example, that the oldest part of the Juan de Fuca Plate that has not subducted (off the coast of Oregon) is just over 8 million years old, while the part that is subducting underneath Vancouver Island is between 0 and about 6 million years old.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Physical_Geology_(Earle)/21%3A_Geological_History_of_Western_Canada/21.01%3A_Geological_History_of_CanadaAs Rodinia started to break up after 700 Ma, sediments derived from the erosion of the interior of the continent began to accumulate along its coasts, initially along the west coast, then the east coa...As Rodinia started to break up after 700 Ma, sediments derived from the erosion of the interior of the continent began to accumulate along its coasts, initially along the west coast, then the east coast at around 600 Ma, and finally on the north coast by around 550 Ma.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Physical_Geology_(Earle)/08%3A_Measuring_Geological_Time/8.02%3A_Relative_Dating_MethodsFigure \(\PageIndex{5}\) The four types of unconformities: (a) a nonconformity between older non-sedimentary rock and sedimentary rock, (b) an angular unconformity, (c) a disconformity between layers ...Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\) The four types of unconformities: (a) a nonconformity between older non-sedimentary rock and sedimentary rock, (b) an angular unconformity, (c) a disconformity between layers of sedimentary rock, where the older rock has been eroded but not tilted, and (d) a paraconformity where there is a long period (typically millions of years) of non-deposition between two parallel layers.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Physical_Geology_(Earle)/22%3A_The_Origin_of_Earth_and_the_Solar_System/22.01%3A_Starting_with_a_Big_BangThe black lines represent the same elements as in the Sun’s spectrum, but they are shifted to the right toward the red end of the spectrum because BAS11 is moving away from us as the universe continue...The black lines represent the same elements as in the Sun’s spectrum, but they are shifted to the right toward the red end of the spectrum because BAS11 is moving away from us as the universe continues to expand.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Physical_Geology_(Earle)/20%3A_Geological_Resources/20.04%3A_DiamondsAlthough Canada’s diamond mining industry didn’t get started until 1998, diamonds are currently the seventh most valuable product mined in the country (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)), and Canada ranks thir...Although Canada’s diamond mining industry didn’t get started until 1998, diamonds are currently the seventh most valuable product mined in the country (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)), and Canada ranks third in the world in diamond production. The diamond-bearing rock is brought to the surface coincidentally via a type of volcanism that is extremely rare (the most recent kimberlite eruption is thought to have taken place 10,000 years ago and prior to that at around 30 Ma).
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Physical_Geology_(Earle)/04%3A_Volcanism/4.07%3A_SummaryThere are examples of all of the important types of volcanoes in British Columbia, including subduction volcanism north of Vancouver, mantle-plume volcanism along the Nazco trend, and rift-related vol...There are examples of all of the important types of volcanoes in British Columbia, including subduction volcanism north of Vancouver, mantle-plume volcanism along the Nazco trend, and rift-related volcanism in the Wells Gray and Stikine regions. Why are the viscosity and gas content of a magma important in determining the type of volcanic rocks that will be formed when that magma is extruded?
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Physical_Geology_(Earle)/01%3A_Introduction_to_Geology/1.02%3A_Why_Study_EarthThe simple answer to this question is that Earth is our home—our only home for the foreseeable future—and in order to ensure that it continues to be a great place to live, we need to understand how it...The simple answer to this question is that Earth is our home—our only home for the foreseeable future—and in order to ensure that it continues to be a great place to live, we need to understand how it works. The irony of the 2005 slope failure is that the District of North Vancouver had been warned in a geological report written in 1980 that this area was prone to slope failure and that steps should be taken to minimize the risk to residents.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Physical_Geology_(Earle)/11%3A_Earthquakes/11.06%3A_SummaryMagnitude is a measure of the amount of energy released by an earthquake, and it is proportional to the area of the rupture surface and to the amount of displacement. Intensity will vary depending on ...Magnitude is a measure of the amount of energy released by an earthquake, and it is proportional to the area of the rupture surface and to the amount of displacement. Intensity will vary depending on the distance to the epicentre, the depth of the earthquake, and the geological nature of the material below surface. The amount of damage is related to the type and size of buildings, how they are constructed, and the nature of the material on which they are built.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Physical_Geology_(Earle)/06%3A_Sediments_and_Sedimentary_Rocks/6.02%3A_Chemical_Sedimentary_RocksSo the calcium ions that are part of a calcite mud on the sea floor near Australia’s Great Barrier Reef could literally have come from anywhere on Earth (and almost certainly came from many different ...So the calcium ions that are part of a calcite mud on the sea floor near Australia’s Great Barrier Reef could literally have come from anywhere on Earth (and almost certainly came from many different places), and might have been in solution for as little as a few days or for as long as tens of millions of years.
