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- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Potsdam/Sedimentary_Geology%3A_Rocks_Environments_and_Stratigraphy/03%3A_Describing_Sediment_and_Sedimentary_Rocks/3.01%3A_Grain_SizeThe size of the particles that make up clastic sediment and sedimentary rocks is an important characteristic. The size of the particles can be measured in a variety of ways and those measurements are...The size of the particles that make up clastic sediment and sedimentary rocks is an important characteristic. The size of the particles can be measured in a variety of ways and those measurements are the basis for descriptive terms. Sorting describes the uniformity of grain size in a specimen.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Potsdam/Sedimentary_Geology%3A_Rocks_Environments_and_Stratigraphy/08%3A_Diagenesis/8.01%3A_Diagenetic_ProcessesCompaction is a reduction in volume caused by burial; the amount of compaction depends on the properties of the sediment as well as local/regional processes. Compaction occurs via dewatering, grain-s...Compaction is a reduction in volume caused by burial; the amount of compaction depends on the properties of the sediment as well as local/regional processes. Compaction occurs via dewatering, grain-scale deformation, and dissolution. Cementation is the precipitation of mineral cements from fluids. Other processes such as replacement and/or dissolution can be important in some rocks.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Potsdam/Sedimentary_Geology%3A_Rocks_Environments_and_Stratigraphy/10%3A_Depositional_Environments/10.03%3A_Clastic_Marginal_Marine_EnvironmentsMarginal marine environments form at the intersection of land and sea, where terrestrial and marine processes converge. In regions with a moderate supply of clastic sediment, these environments are sh...Marginal marine environments form at the intersection of land and sea, where terrestrial and marine processes converge. In regions with a moderate supply of clastic sediment, these environments are shaped by the balance between waves, rivers, and tides which results in the development of beaches, deltas, and tidal flats, respectively.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Potsdam/Sedimentary_Geology%3A_Rocks_Environments_and_Stratigraphy/03%3A_Describing_Sediment_and_Sedimentary_Rocks/3.05%3A_ColorAlthough commonly influenced by diagenetic processes, there are certain situations where the color of a rock might be an important characteristic to observe. The Munsell Color System provides a way t...Although commonly influenced by diagenetic processes, there are certain situations where the color of a rock might be an important characteristic to observe. The Munsell Color System provides a way to describe color using the properties of hue, value, and chroma.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Potsdam/Sedimentary_Geology%3A_Rocks_Environments_and_Stratigraphy/10%3A_Depositional_Environments/10.01%3A_Alluvial_SystemsAlluvial fans form where river systems spill from confined channels into open, unconfined areas; they are composed of a mixture of debris flow deposits and stream flow deposits. Fluvial channel bodie...Alluvial fans form where river systems spill from confined channels into open, unconfined areas; they are composed of a mixture of debris flow deposits and stream flow deposits. Fluvial channel bodies are typically composed of sand and gravel and have erosional bases. Floodplain deposits are finer grained and show evidence of terrestrial deposition and/or subaerial exposure. Avulsion and aggradation rates influence the architecture of fluvial and floodplain deposits.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Potsdam/Sedimentary_Geology%3A_Rocks_Environments_and_Stratigraphy/01%3A_IntroductionSedimentary rocks are extremely abundant, provide important archives of Earth's history, and are of profound economic and environmental significance.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Potsdam/Sedimentary_Geology%3A_Rocks_Environments_and_Stratigraphy/10%3A_Depositional_Environments/10.04%3A_Clastic_Marine_EnvironmentsPericontinental seas mark the transition from the continents to the open oceans. Environments include the shelf (dominated by storm waves and tides on its landward side and suspension deposition on i...Pericontinental seas mark the transition from the continents to the open oceans. Environments include the shelf (dominated by storm waves and tides on its landward side and suspension deposition on its seaward side), the relatively steep continental slope (dominated by suspension deposition, slumping, and turbidite generation), the continental rise (dominated by turbidite deposition), and the abyssal plain (dominated by suspension deposition of mud, calcareous oozes, and siliceous oozes).
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Potsdam/Sedimentary_Geology%3A_Rocks_Environments_and_Stratigraphy/05%3A_Siliciclastic_Sedimentary_Rocks/5.03%3A_MudrocksMudrocks are made of >50% particles in the mud size fraction (<1/16 mm). They can be subdivided into siltstones, mudstones, and claystones based on grain size. The term shale commonly refers to a mu...Mudrocks are made of >50% particles in the mud size fraction (<1/16 mm). They can be subdivided into siltstones, mudstones, and claystones based on grain size. The term shale commonly refers to a mudrock that shows fissility. Mudrocks can be described based on grain size, texture, color, mineralogy, fossils, and a variety of other factors. The clay minerals in mudrocks can have physical properties that them economically important.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Potsdam/Sedimentary_Geology%3A_Rocks_Environments_and_Stratigraphy/05%3A_Siliciclastic_Sedimentary_Rocks/5.04%3A_Diamictites_Pebbly_Sandstones_and_Outsized_ClastsDiamictites are mixtures of gravel, sand, and mud. They cannot be explained through traditional hydrodynamic explanations and can form only as the result of debris flows, glacial deposits, or bioturb...Diamictites are mixtures of gravel, sand, and mud. They cannot be explained through traditional hydrodynamic explanations and can form only as the result of debris flows, glacial deposits, or bioturbation. Many pebbly sandstones are simply poorly sorted. However, sandstones and mudrocks with outsized clasts record rafting or volcanic bombs.
