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1.39: Rock Formations

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    Rock Formations

    Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the systematic study of bedded rock layers and their relations in time and the study of fossils and their locations in a sequence of bedded rocks. A stratum is a bed or layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout (plural is strata).

    James Hutton also contributed to a theories about rock formations. A rock formation is the primary unit of stratigraphy, consisting of a succession of strata useful for mapping or description. A rock formation typically consists of a unique lithology (rock type) that has a relatively defined geologic age and is considered mapable (occurs throughout area or region, both on the surface and in the subsurface).

    Rock formations preserved information about what conditions were like when the original sediments were deposited, such as on a river delta, a coastal beach environment, a ocean setting, or a massive dune field. Rock formations can also consist of igneous rocks, such as ancient lava flows or massive volcanic ash deposits. Rock formations typically represent materials that accumulated over period of hundreds of thousands, to many millions of years.

    Rock formations exposed along Calvert Cliffs, Chesapeake Bay, Maryland Rock formations exposed along Calvert Cliffs, Chesapeake Bay, Maryland
    Figure 1.98. Strata exposed along a reservoir shoreline. Each layer represents sediments deposited under unique environmental conditions over a period of time (days, years, centuries). Figure 1.99. Layers of sedimentary rock formations of the Cenozoic Era are exposed in many locations US coastlines. These are Calvert Cliffs on Chesapeake Bay, Maryland.

    This page titled 1.39: Rock Formations is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Miracosta Oceanography 101 (Miracosta)) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.