2: Minerals (Exercises)
- Page ID
- 2041
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Q2.1 Cations, anions and ionic bonding
| Lithium (3) | 2 in shell one and 1 in shell two | It loses an electron and becomes a +1 cation |
|---|---|---|
| Magnesium (12) | 2 in shell one, 8 in shell two and 2 in shell three | It loses two electrons and becomes a +2 cation |
| Argon (18) | 2 in shell one, 8 in shell two and 8 in shell three | It is electronically stable, and does not become an ion |
| Chlorine (17) | 2 in shell one, 8 in shell two and 7 in shell three | It gains an electron and becomes a -1 anion |
| Beryllium (4) | 2 in shell one and 2 in shell two | It loses two electrons and becomes a +2 cation |
| Oxygen (8) | 2 in shell one and 6 in shell two | It gains two electrons and becomes a -2 anion |
| Sodium (11) | 2 in shell one, 8 in shell two and 1 in shell three | It loses an electron and becomes a +1 cation |
Q2.2 Mineral groups
| Name | Formula | Group |
|---|---|---|
| sphalerite | ZnS | sulfide |
| magnetite | Fe3O4 | oxide |
| pyroxene | MgSiO3 | silicate |
| anglesite | PbSO4 | sulfate |
| sylvite | KCl | halide |
| silver | Ag | native |
| fluorite | CaF2 | halide |
| ilmenite | FeTiO3 | oxide |
| siderite | FeCO3 | carbonate |
| feldspar | KAlSi3O8 | silicate |
| sulphur | S | native |
| xenotime | YPO4 | phosphate |
Q2.3 Make a tetrahedron
Responses will vary
Q2.4 Oxygen deprivation
Single chain silicate: 1:3 (silicon to oxygen), double chain silicate: 7:19 (or 1:2.71)
Q2.5 Ferromagnesian silicates
| Mineral | Formula | Ferromagnesian Silicate? |
|---|---|---|
| olivine | (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 | yes |
| pyrite | FeS2 | no (it’s a sulphide, not a silicate) |
| plagioclase | CaAl2Si2O8 | no |
| pyroxene | MgSiO3 | yes |
| hematite | Fe2O3 | no (it’s an oxide, not a silicate) |
| orthoclase | KAlSi3O8 | no |
| quartz | SiO2 | no |
| amphibole | Fe7Si8O22(OH)2 | yes |
| muscovite | K2Al4 Si6Al2O20(OH)4 | no |
| magnetite | Fe3O4 | no (it’s an oxide, not a silicate) |
| biotite | K2Fe4Al2Si6Al4O20(OH)4 | yes |
| dolomite | (Ca,Mg)CO3 | no (it’s a carbonate, not a silicate) |
| garnet | Fe2Al2Si3O12 | yes |
| serpentine | Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 | yes |