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- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Earth_Science_(Lumen)/11%3A_Ocean_Water_and_Life/11.01%3A_Thermohaline_circulationThis page discusses thermohaline circulation (THC), also known as the global conveyor belt, which is driven by temperature and salinity gradients and influences climate globally. Key areas for deep wa...This page discusses thermohaline circulation (THC), also known as the global conveyor belt, which is driven by temperature and salinity gradients and influences climate globally. Key areas for deep water formation are the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean. It emphasizes the Gulf Stream's role in climate influence along the U.S. Eastern Coast and Europe, and concerns about its disruption due to global warming.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Earth_Science_(Lumen)/07%3A_The_Ocean/7.02%3A_Composition_of_Ocean_WaterThis page discusses ocean water as the "universal solvent," highlighting its composition, primarily salts at 3.5% mass. Salinity varies, being lower in river mouths and higher in areas like the Dead S...This page discusses ocean water as the "universal solvent," highlighting its composition, primarily salts at 3.5% mass. Salinity varies, being lower in river mouths and higher in areas like the Dead Sea (30%). The presence of dissolved substances increases seawater density, impacting water movement and deep currents, while temperature affects density, with warm water being less dense than cold.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Earth_Science_(Lumen)/18%3A_Climate_and_Climate_Change/18.01%3A_Climate_Systems_and_ChangeThis page discusses the factors influencing climate, such as latitude, circulation, and ocean currents, along with the Köppen classification system of climate zones. It highlights climate change's imp...This page discusses the factors influencing climate, such as latitude, circulation, and ocean currents, along with the Köppen classification system of climate zones. It highlights climate change's impacts on ecosystems, agriculture, and projections of rising temperatures due to human activities. The text emphasizes the severe consequences of climate change, including extreme weather, loss of biodiversity, and agricultural challenges.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Physical)/California_Geography_(Patrich)/08%3A_Klamath_and_The_Modoc_Plateau/8.04%3A_CLIMATIC_FEATURESThe region's climate varies significantly; the coastal areas are extremely wet with mild temperatures, while inland areas experience less precipitation, warmer summers, and colder winters. Higher moun...The region's climate varies significantly; the coastal areas are extremely wet with mild temperatures, while inland areas experience less precipitation, warmer summers, and colder winters. Higher mountains present semi-arctic conditions. There is a notable vertical range for plants and trees, such as the madrone and Spanish bayonet, depending on slope exposure and conditions. Rainfall is lighter on the eastern edge of the district.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Earth_Science_(Lumen)/12%3A_The_Atmosphere/12.01%3A_The_AtmosphereThis page explains Earth's atmosphere, its essential role in sustaining life by providing necessary gases, moderating temperatures, and protecting against UV radiation. It outlines the structure, incl...This page explains Earth's atmosphere, its essential role in sustaining life by providing necessary gases, moderating temperatures, and protecting against UV radiation. It outlines the structure, including layers such as the troposphere and stratosphere, highlighting the importance of the ozone layer and describing temperature variations.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Earth_Science_(Lumen)/07%3A_The_Ocean/7.04%3A_Ocean_CurrentsThis page explains ocean water movement driven by wind, the Earth's rotation, and gravitational forces, highlighting the roles of surface and deep currents in climate and marine ecosystems. It discuss...This page explains ocean water movement driven by wind, the Earth's rotation, and gravitational forces, highlighting the roles of surface and deep currents in climate and marine ecosystems. It discusses upwelling, which brings nutrient-rich water to the surface, and covers the influence of Greenland's ice on the Gulf Stream. Key vocabulary related to ocean dynamics, such as amplitude, crest, and tsunami, is defined to enhance understanding of these processes.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Earth_Science_(Lumen)/13%3A_Weather/13.01%3A_Weather_Processes_and_SystemsThis page provides a comprehensive overview of weather elements like temperature, humidity, and precipitation, their effects on local conditions, and the formation of weather phenomena such as thunder...This page provides a comprehensive overview of weather elements like temperature, humidity, and precipitation, their effects on local conditions, and the formation of weather phenomena such as thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes. It explains air masses, weather fronts, and the stages of thunderstorms, highlighting severe weather's impacts.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Earth_Science_(Lumen)/11%3A_Ocean_Water_and_Life/11.02%3A_ThermoclineThis page discusses thermoclines, which are layers in fluid bodies where temperature changes quickly with depth. They serve as barriers between mixed and calm waters and are influenced by factors like...This page discusses thermoclines, which are layers in fluid bodies where temperature changes quickly with depth. They serve as barriers between mixed and calm waters and are influenced by factors like season and latitude, being more stable in tropical regions. They impact submarine sonar and are observed in lakes during summer. Atmospheric thermoclines occur with temperature inversions at night, highlighting their importance in aquatic ecosystems and energy dynamics.