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- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Introduction_to_Earth_Science_(C-ID%3A_GEOL_121)/08%3A_Resources_and_Energy/8.01%3A_Energy_and_Resources-_Why_It_Matters-_Geological_ResourcesWhile you may not go to the store and purchase coal to use like you would gasoline for your car, you do it in other indirect ways—for instance, 26% of the electricity in the US is generated by coal bu...While you may not go to the store and purchase coal to use like you would gasoline for your car, you do it in other indirect ways—for instance, 26% of the electricity in the US is generated by coal burning. In the case of tantalum, it is mined in an area of the Congo where it is believed to have played a role in helping finance war in the area.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Introduction_to_Earth_Science_(C-ID%3A_GEOL_121)/08%3A_Resources_and_Energy/8.06%3A_Energy_and_Resources-_Reading-_Effects_of_MiningThe mining industry has argued that submarine tailings disposal (STD), which disposes of tailings in the sea, is ideal because it avoids the risks of tailings ponds; although the practice is illegal i...The mining industry has argued that submarine tailings disposal (STD), which disposes of tailings in the sea, is ideal because it avoids the risks of tailings ponds; although the practice is illegal in the United States and Canada, it is used in the developing world. Eventually this layer will erode, but it is generally hoped that the rate of leaching or acid will be slowed by the cover such that the environment can handle the load of acid and associated heavy metals.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Geology_(Lumen)/07%3A_Crustal_Deformation/7.03%3A_Reading-_Stress_In_Earths_CrustA rock’s response to stress depends on the rock type, the surrounding temperature, and pressure conditions the rock is under, the length of time the rock is under stress, and the type of stress. Figur...A rock’s response to stress depends on the rock type, the surrounding temperature, and pressure conditions the rock is under, the length of time the rock is under stress, and the type of stress. Figure 17. (a) The world’s highest mountain range, the Himalayas, is growing from the collision between the Indian and the Eurasian plates. (b) The crumpling of the Indian and Eurasian plates of continental crust creates the Himalayas.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Geology_(Lumen)/12%3A_Geological_Resources/12.08%3A_Outcome-_Extraction_of_ResourcesDescribe some of the extraction methods and identify different types of mining. In order to use the resources at our disposal, we need to be able to get to them. This section introduces the different ...Describe some of the extraction methods and identify different types of mining. In order to use the resources at our disposal, we need to be able to get to them. This section introduces the different techniques used to extract or remove these resources. Describe the processes involved in mining. Identify the effects of different types of mining: surface mining, underground mining and open pit mining. The learning activities for this section include the following: Reading: Effects of Mining
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Geology_(Lumen)/12%3A_Geological_Resources/12.07%3A_Self_Check-_Rock_and_Mineral_ResourcesCheck Your Understanding Answer the question(s) below to see how well you understand the topics covered in the previous section. This short quiz does not count toward your grade in the class, and you ...Check Your Understanding Answer the question(s) below to see how well you understand the topics covered in the previous section. This short quiz does not count toward your grade in the class, and you can retake it an unlimited number of times. Use this quiz to check your understanding and decide whether to (1) study the previous section further or (2) move on to the next section. Contributors and Attributions Authored by: Kimberly Schulte and Lumen Learning. Provided by: Lumen Learning.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Geology_(Lumen)/09%3A_Volcanoes/9.10%3A_Self_Check-_The_Formation_of_VolcanoesCheck Your Understanding Answer the question(s) below to see how well you understand the topics covered in the previous section. This short quiz does not count toward your grade in the class, and you ...Check Your Understanding Answer the question(s) below to see how well you understand the topics covered in the previous section. This short quiz does not count toward your grade in the class, and you can retake it an unlimited number of times. Use this quiz to check your understanding and decide whether to (1) study the previous section further or (2) move on to the next section. Authored by: Kimberly Schulte and Lumen Learning. Provided by: Lumen Learning. License: CC BY: Attribution
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Geology_(Lumen)/02%3A_Rock_Forming_Minerals/2.04%3A_Reading-_Atomic_BondsSome elements, such as carbon (C) and silicon (Si) have a half-full valence shell. (The valence shell is another name for the outer shell, where the most reactive electrons are.) If an element such as...Some elements, such as carbon (C) and silicon (Si) have a half-full valence shell. (The valence shell is another name for the outer shell, where the most reactive electrons are.) If an element such as carbon were to gain 4 electrons or lose 4 electrons, it would have a full valence shell.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Geology_(Lumen)/11%3A_Hydrology/11.18%3A_Reading-_Karst_TopographyThe color of dripstones and flowstones comes from organic and/or iron oxide compounds brought in from the surface, giving the speleothems an orange brown color or from the presence of oxides and hydro...The color of dripstones and flowstones comes from organic and/or iron oxide compounds brought in from the surface, giving the speleothems an orange brown color or from the presence of oxides and hydroxides of iron and manganese which give the speleothems a deep brown or black color.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Geology_(Lumen)/01%3A_Science_of_Geology/1.04%3A_Reading-_The_Branches_of_GeologyIt includes the study of the cycles of matter and energy which transport the Earth’s chemical components and the interaction of these cycles with the hydrosphere and the atmosphere. Spectral geology i...It includes the study of the cycles of matter and energy which transport the Earth’s chemical components and the interaction of these cycles with the hydrosphere and the atmosphere. Spectral geology is the measurement and analysis of portions of the electromagnetic spectrum to identify spectrally distinct and physically significant features of different rock types and surface materials, their mineralogy and their alteration signatures.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Geology_(Lumen)/12%3A_Geological_Resources/12.13%3A_Reading-_Earths_EnergyWorldwide fossil fuel usage has increased many times over in the past half century (coal: 2.6x, oil: 8x, natural gas: 14x) because of population increases, because of increases in the number of cars, ...Worldwide fossil fuel usage has increased many times over in the past half century (coal: 2.6x, oil: 8x, natural gas: 14x) because of population increases, because of increases in the number of cars, televisions, and other fuel-consuming uses in the developed world, and because of lifestyle improvements in the developing world.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Geology_(Lumen)/01%3A_Science_of_Geology/1.07%3A_Reading-_The_Nature_of_ScienceEverything else will be the same on both fields: the type of crop she grows, the amount of water and fertilizer that she uses, and the slope of the fields she plants on. The fields should be facing th...Everything else will be the same on both fields: the type of crop she grows, the amount of water and fertilizer that she uses, and the slope of the fields she plants on. The fields should be facing the same direction to get about the same amount of sunlight. If the farmer only changes how she plows her fields, she can see the impact of the one change. At the end of the experiment the scientist studies the data. If the scientist can picture the data the results may be easier to understand.
