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- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Physical_Geography_(Lumen)/03%3A_The_Universe/3.01%3A_Introduction_to_the_UniverseThis chapter focuses on understanding cosmic phenomena, including the formation and expansion of the universe, differences between dark matter and energy, star systems, and types of galaxies. It explo...This chapter focuses on understanding cosmic phenomena, including the formation and expansion of the universe, differences between dark matter and energy, star systems, and types of galaxies. It explores the interactions between the Whirlpool Galaxy (M51) and the dwarf galaxy NGC 5195, revealing how past interactions have shaped M51's spiral arms. The text highlights cosmology's role in studying the universe, encompassing all existing matter, energy, space, and time.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Physical)/BioGeoChemistry_(LibreTexts)/05%3A_The_Carbon_Cycle_of_Terrestrial_Ecosystems/5.02%3A_PhotosynthesisThe reaction center of PSII (called P680) delivers its high-energy electrons, one at a time, to a primary electron acceptor, and these pass through the electron transport chain (Plastoquinones to cyto...The reaction center of PSII (called P680) delivers its high-energy electrons, one at a time, to a primary electron acceptor, and these pass through the electron transport chain (Plastoquinones to cytochrome complex to plastocyanin) to the oxidized chlorophyll in P700 ox . Along the way, the cytochrome complex pumps protons across the thylakoid membrane (into the lumen) to generate a proton gradient, the energy of which will eventually be harvested for ATP synthesis.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Earth_Science_(Lumen)/16%3A_Light_and_the_Sun/16.03%3A_TelescopesThis page covers the evolution of astronomical observations, from Galileo's discoveries supporting the Copernican model to modern telescopes that utilize the electromagnetic spectrum for detailed anal...This page covers the evolution of astronomical observations, from Galileo's discoveries supporting the Copernican model to modern telescopes that utilize the electromagnetic spectrum for detailed analysis of celestial objects. It details different telescope types—refractors, reflectors, and space telescopes—highlighting advancements in technology that enhance our understanding of the universe.
