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- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Oceanography/Geophysical_Flows_(Omta)/zz%3A_Back_Matter
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Oceanography/Geophysical_Flows_(Omta)/06%3A_Wind_StressThe force exerted by the wind on the ocean surface gives rise to a vertical velocity gradient in the upper boundary layer of the ocean, as depicted below. Essentially, the wind adds momentum to the oc...The force exerted by the wind on the ocean surface gives rise to a vertical velocity gradient in the upper boundary layer of the ocean, as depicted below. Essentially, the wind adds momentum to the ocean surface which is then transported downward through diffusion associated with the vertical momentum gradient.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Oceanography/Geophysical_Flows_(Omta)/04%3A_Turbulent_DiffusionTransport rates in both the ocean and the atmosphere are enhanced by many orders of magnitude through stirring by eddies of various sizes that are collectively named 'turbulence'. The study of turbule...Transport rates in both the ocean and the atmosphere are enhanced by many orders of magnitude through stirring by eddies of various sizes that are collectively named 'turbulence'. The study of turbulence forms a very large and complicated topic that we are not going to cover in-depth here. Instead, we will try to provide an idea of turbulence as a phenomenon and of the role it plays in the ocean and the atmosphere.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Oceanography/Geophysical_Flows_(Omta)/03%3A_The_Coriolis_ForceThe Coriolis force is a central element of the dynamics of ocean and atmosphere flows. A rigorous derivation using vector calculus is given in many textbooks on classical mechanics, but such derivatio...The Coriolis force is a central element of the dynamics of ocean and atmosphere flows. A rigorous derivation using vector calculus is given in many textbooks on classical mechanics, but such derivations are often not the most effective way to obtain a conceptual understanding. Therefore, we will provide a more intuitive qualitative explanation here.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Oceanography/Geophysical_Flows_(Omta)/02%3A_Pressure_GradientsYou may remember that "air tends to flow from high pressure to low pressure". To understand why this happens, it is key to realize that gases (but also liquids) exert a force on their surroundings bec...You may remember that "air tends to flow from high pressure to low pressure". To understand why this happens, it is key to realize that gases (but also liquids) exert a force on their surroundings because of the thermal motion of the molecules. This force is in all directions, as the thermal motion is in all directions.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Oceanography/Geophysical_Flows_(Omta)/zz%3A_Back_Matter/20%3A_GlossaryExample and Directions Words (or words that have the same definition) The definition is case sensitive (Optional) Image to display with the definition [Not displayed in Glossary, only in pop-up on pag...Example and Directions Words (or words that have the same definition) The definition is case sensitive (Optional) Image to display with the definition [Not displayed in Glossary, only in pop-up on pages] (Optional) Caption for Image (Optional) External or Internal Link (Optional) Source for Definition "Genetic, Hereditary, DNA ...") (Eg. "Relating to genes or heredity") The infamous double helix CC-BY-SA; Delmar Larsen Glossary Entries Definition Image Sample Word 1 Sample Definition 1
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Oceanography/Geophysical_Flows_(Omta)/07%3A_Basis_of_Wind-Driven_Circulation_-_Ekman_spiral_and_transportsArctic explorer Fridtjof Nansen noticed something strange: icebergs tend to drift at an angle to the right of the prevailing wind direction. To explain this remarkable observation, Ekman (1905) formul...Arctic explorer Fridtjof Nansen noticed something strange: icebergs tend to drift at an angle to the right of the prevailing wind direction. To explain this remarkable observation, Ekman (1905) formulated a theory that is still a cornerstone of physical oceanography. The central assumption is that near the ocean surface, the largest deviations from geostrophic balance occur as a result of the wind stress which leads to momentum diffusion in the vertical direction.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Oceanography/Geophysical_Flows_(Omta)/00%3A_Front_Matter/02%3A_InfoPageThe LibreTexts libraries are Powered by MindTouch ® and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the Californ...The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by MindTouch ® and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Oceanography/Geophysical_Flows_(Omta)Thumbnail: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio. (Public Domain; NASA)
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Oceanography/Geophysical_Flows_(Omta)/09%3A_VorticityVorticity is the same as rotation in a horizontal plane. Positive vorticity means that the fluid rotates counterclockwise, whereas negative vorticity implies clockwise rotation.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Oceanography/Geophysical_Flows_(Omta)/zz%3A_Back_Matter/01%3A_Index
