2: Minerals (Exercises)
- Page ID
- 2041
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)
Q2.1 Cations, anions and ionic bonding
Lithium (3) | 2 in shell one and 1 in shell two | It loses an electron and becomes a +1 cation |
---|---|---|
Magnesium (12) | 2 in shell one, 8 in shell two and 2 in shell three | It loses two electrons and becomes a +2 cation |
Argon (18) | 2 in shell one, 8 in shell two and 8 in shell three | It is electronically stable, and does not become an ion |
Chlorine (17) | 2 in shell one, 8 in shell two and 7 in shell three | It gains an electron and becomes a -1 anion |
Beryllium (4) | 2 in shell one and 2 in shell two | It loses two electrons and becomes a +2 cation |
Oxygen (8) | 2 in shell one and 6 in shell two | It gains two electrons and becomes a -2 anion |
Sodium (11) | 2 in shell one, 8 in shell two and 1 in shell three | It loses an electron and becomes a +1 cation |
Q2.2 Mineral groups
Name | Formula | Group |
---|---|---|
sphalerite | ZnS | sulfide |
magnetite | Fe3O4 | oxide |
pyroxene | MgSiO3 | silicate |
anglesite | PbSO4 | sulfate |
sylvite | KCl | halide |
silver | Ag | native |
fluorite | CaF2 | halide |
ilmenite | FeTiO3 | oxide |
siderite | FeCO3 | carbonate |
feldspar | KAlSi3O8 | silicate |
sulphur | S | native |
xenotime | YPO4 | phosphate |
Q2.3 Make a tetrahedron
Responses will vary
Q2.4 Oxygen deprivation
Single chain silicate: 1:3 (silicon to oxygen), double chain silicate: 7:19 (or 1:2.71)
Q2.5 Ferromagnesian silicates
Mineral | Formula | Ferromagnesian Silicate? |
---|---|---|
olivine | (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 | yes |
pyrite | FeS2 | no (it’s a sulphide, not a silicate) |
plagioclase | CaAl2Si2O8 | no |
pyroxene | MgSiO3 | yes |
hematite | Fe2O3 | no (it’s an oxide, not a silicate) |
orthoclase | KAlSi3O8 | no |
quartz | SiO2 | no |
amphibole | Fe7Si8O22(OH)2 | yes |
muscovite | K2Al4 Si6Al2O20(OH)4 | no |
magnetite | Fe3O4 | no (it’s an oxide, not a silicate) |
biotite | K2Fe4Al2Si6Al4O20(OH)4 | yes |
dolomite | (Ca,Mg)CO3 | no (it’s a carbonate, not a silicate) |
garnet | Fe2Al2Si3O12 | yes |
serpentine | Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 | yes |