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- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Meteorology_and_Climate_Science/Practical_Meteorology_(Stull)/02%3A_Solar_and_Infrared_Radiation/2.04%3A_ActinometersNamely, the answer should be smaller than the SB answer, but should increase and converge to the SB answer as the lower and upper λ limits approach 0 and ∞, respectively. Count the squares under the c...Namely, the answer should be smaller than the SB answer, but should increase and converge to the SB answer as the lower and upper λ limits approach 0 and ∞, respectively. Count the squares under the curve between the wavelength bands, and compare to the value of each square, or to the area under the whole curve. (We will use this approach extensively in the Thunderstorm chapter.)
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Meteorology_and_Climate_Science/Practical_Meteorology_(Stull)/09%3A_Weather_Reports_and_Map_AnalysisMore than just plots of raw weather reports, you can analyze maps to highlight key features including airmasses, centers of low- and high-pressure, and fronts (Fig. In this chapter you will learn how ...More than just plots of raw weather reports, you can analyze maps to highlight key features including airmasses, centers of low- and high-pressure, and fronts (Fig. In this chapter you will learn how to interpret weather reports, and how to analyze surface weather maps. Figure 9.1 Idealized surface weather map showing high (H) and low (L) pressure centers, isobars (thin black lines), and fronts (red or blue heavy solid lines) in the N.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Meteorology_and_Climate_Science/Practical_Meteorology_(Stull)/22%3A_Atmospheric_Optics/22.7%3A_ReviewIf this is your last course on meteorology, be confident that you have the background to delve into the meteorology journals to learn the latest details that might help you in your engineering or scie...If this is your last course on meteorology, be confident that you have the background to delve into the meteorology journals to learn the latest details that might help you in your engineering or scientific work. For blue sky, he thought that there is interference between light reflecting from the backs of small water droplets and the light from the front of the drops.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Meteorology_and_Climate_Science/Practical_Meteorology_(Stull)/04%3A_Water_Vapor/4.06%3A_ReviewMany different variables can be used as measures of water-vapor content in air, including: water-vapor partial pressure (known as vapor pressure in meteorology), mixing ratio, absolute humidity, speci...Many different variables can be used as measures of water-vapor content in air, including: water-vapor partial pressure (known as vapor pressure in meteorology), mixing ratio, absolute humidity, specific humidity, relative humidity, dew-point temperature, lifting condensation level, and wet-bulb temperature. To forecast humidity in such a fixed frame, we can account for the advection of moisture by the winds, the fluxes of moisture due to turbulence, and effects due to precipitation.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Meteorology_and_Climate_Science/Practical_Meteorology_(Stull)/19%3A_Pollutant_Dispersion/19.01%3A_Section_2-In the USA, the standards are called National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Air quality concentration standards for the USA (US), Canada (CAN), and The European Union (EU) for some of the com...In the USA, the standards are called National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Air quality concentration standards for the USA (US), Canada (CAN), and The European Union (EU) for some of the commonly-regulated chemicals, as of Sep 2017. By comparing the predicted concentrations against the air quality standards of Table 18–1, engineers can modify the factory design as needed to ensure compliance with the law.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Meteorology_and_Climate_Science/Practical_Meteorology_(Stull)/05%3A_Atmospheric_Stability/5.05%3A_Guide_for_Quick_Identification_of_Thermo_Diagrams[Hint: In this book, all thermo diagrams use the same format for the same types of lines: isotherms and isobars are thin solid green, isohumes are thin dotted blue, dry adiabats are thick solid dark-o...[Hint: In this book, all thermo diagrams use the same format for the same types of lines: isotherms and isobars are thin solid green, isohumes are thin dotted blue, dry adiabats are thick solid dark-orange, moist adiabats are thick dashed dark-orange, and heights are thin dashed grey (if plotted at all).]
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Meteorology_and_Climate_Science/Practical_Meteorology_(Stull)/02%3A_Solar_and_Infrared_Radiation/2.05%3A_ReviewThe variations of temperature and humidity that you feel near the ground are driven by the diurnal cycle of solar heating during the day and infrared cooling at night. The portion of this radiation th...The variations of temperature and humidity that you feel near the ground are driven by the diurnal cycle of solar heating during the day and infrared cooling at night. The portion of this radiation that is absorbed is the heat input to the Earth-atmosphere system that drives Earth’s weather. IR radiation from the atmosphere is absorbed at the ground, and IR radiation is also emitted from the ground.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Meteorology_and_Climate_Science/Practical_Meteorology_(Stull)/21%3A_Natural_Climate_Processes/21.7%3A_Present_ClimateMean values of weather, temporal and spatial variability, and extremes are the statistics that are recorded as components of the climate signal. The Köppen climate map was modified by Rudolf Geiger in...Mean values of weather, temporal and spatial variability, and extremes are the statistics that are recorded as components of the climate signal. The Köppen climate map was modified by Rudolf Geiger in the early 1900s, and was significantly updated in 2007 by Peel, Finlayson and McMahon (Hydrol. See Tables 21-6 & 21-8 for explanations of the climate code letters. [Color maps of Köppen climate classification for the whole world are available on the internet.]
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Meteorology_and_Climate_Science/Practical_Meteorology_(Stull)/04%3A_Water_Vapor/4.07%3A_Homework_ExercisesIf you didn’t make any mistakes in this alternative form for the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, and after you group all terms in the numerator and all terms in the denominator of the argument then your ...If you didn’t make any mistakes in this alternative form for the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, and after you group all terms in the numerator and all terms in the denominator of the argument then your equation should contain a new form for the ratio in the argument of the exponential function.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Meteorology_and_Climate_Science/Practical_Meteorology_(Stull)/11%3A_General_Circulation/11.01%3A_Section_2-Although these westerlies dominate the general circulation at mid-latitudes, the surface winds are quite variable in time and space due to the sum of the westerlies plus the transient circulations aro...Although these westerlies dominate the general circulation at mid-latitudes, the surface winds are quite variable in time and space due to the sum of the westerlies plus the transient circulations around the highs and lows.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Meteorology_and_Climate_Science/Practical_Meteorology_(Stull)/18%3A_Atmospheric_Boundary_Layer/18.8%3A_Homework_ExercisesIs it possible during other weather conditions for the FA curve to cross through the middle of the ABL curve, or to touch the minimum points of the ABL curve? Combine those two equations to give the k...Is it possible during other weather conditions for the FA curve to cross through the middle of the ABL curve, or to touch the minimum points of the ABL curve? Combine those two equations to give the kinematic flux of moisture at the top of the mixed layer as a function of potential temperature and mixing ratio jumps across the mixed-layer top, and in terms of surface heat flux.
