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- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Seismology/Living_With_Earthquakes_in_The_Pacific_Northwest_(Yeats)/05%3A_Tectonic_Plates_Geologic_Time_and_Earthquakes/5.02%3A_Plate_Tectonics/5.2.02%3A_Continents_and_Ocean_BasinsUnlike the other inner planets, the surface of the Earth is at two predominant levels, one averaging 2,750 feet (840 m) above sea level, making up the continents, where we all live, and the other aver...Unlike the other inner planets, the surface of the Earth is at two predominant levels, one averaging 2,750 feet (840 m) above sea level, making up the continents, where we all live, and the other averaging 12,100 feet (3,700 m) below sea level, making up the ocean basin. If you were able to look at the Earth with the water removed, the continents, together with their submerged continental shelves, would appear as gigantic plateaus, with steep slopes down to the ocean basins below.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Seismology/Living_With_Earthquakes_in_The_Pacific_Northwest_(Yeats)/06%3A_Shaky_Ground_and_Big_Waves/6.01%3A_Solid_Rock_and_Bowls_of_Jello/6.1.03%3A_When_the_Earth_Turns_to_Soup_(Liquefaction)Liquefaction is defined as “the act or process transforming any substance into a liquid.” If you have the misfortune of building a house on liquefiable sediment, and an earthquake strikes, your house ...Liquefaction is defined as “the act or process transforming any substance into a liquid.” If you have the misfortune of building a house on liquefiable sediment, and an earthquake strikes, your house might sink into the ground at a crazy angle as the sediment liquefies and turns into quicksand. Liquefaction is especially common in clean, loose sand, or gravelly sand saturated with water. Most sand layers with liquefaction potential are Holocene in age and are unconsolidated.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Seismology/Living_With_Earthquakes_in_The_Pacific_Northwest_(Yeats)/07%3A_Prevention_and_Countermeasures/7.05%3A_The_Role_of_State_and_Local_Government/7.5.07%3A_Grading_Ordinances_and_Regulation_of_Building_SitesBuilding codes deal with the safety of buildings, but how about the site on which the building is constructed? A good example of a poor building site is the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The tower itself is ...Building codes deal with the safety of buildings, but how about the site on which the building is constructed? A good example of a poor building site is the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The tower itself is in good shape, but the soils beneath the building are unable to hold it up, and it has settled differentially, causing it to lean. A perfectly sound building is unsafe if it’s built on a landslide, on a sea cliff subject to wave erosion, on soils subject to liquefaction, or on an active fault.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Seismology/Living_With_Earthquakes_in_The_Pacific_Northwest_(Yeats)/05%3A_Tectonic_Plates_Geologic_Time_and_Earthquakes/5.07%3A_Memories_of_the_Future%3B_The_Uncertain_Art_of_Earthquake_Forecasting/5.7.15%3A_What_Lies_AheadIn New Zealand, Vere-Jones et al. (1998) proposed that we combine our probabilistic forecasting based on slip rates and estimated return times of earthquakes with the search for earthquake precursors....In New Zealand, Vere-Jones et al. (1998) proposed that we combine our probabilistic forecasting based on slip rates and estimated return times of earthquakes with the search for earthquake precursors. Geller (1997) has discounted the possibility that earthquakes telegraph their punches, and up to now, the Americans and Japanese have failed to find a “magic bullet” precursor that gives us a warning reliable enough that society can benefit.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Seismology/Living_With_Earthquakes_in_The_Pacific_Northwest_(Yeats)/07%3A_Prevention_and_Countermeasures/7.02%3A_Is_Your_Home_Ready_for_an_Earthquake%3F/7.2.12%3A_Mobile_Homes_and_Manufactured_HousesBecause these houses must be transported to their destination, they are more likely than an ordinary house to behave as a coherent structural unit during an earthquake. Manufactured houses are built o...Because these houses must be transported to their destination, they are more likely than an ordinary house to behave as a coherent structural unit during an earthquake. Manufactured houses are built on one or more steel I-beams that provide structural support in the direction of the I-beam. However, mobile homes and manufactured houses are commonly not bolted to a foundation, but instead rest on concrete blocks that are likely to collapse during even low horizontal accelerations.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Seismology/Living_With_Earthquakes_in_The_Pacific_Northwest_(Yeats)/07%3A_Prevention_and_Countermeasures/7.06%3A_Preparing_for_the_Next_Earthquake/7.6.02%3A_Getting_Your_Home_ReadyChapter 11 focused on steps you can take to make your home and its contents more resistant to earthquake damage. This chapter presents ways you can prepare yourself and members of your family to survi...Chapter 11 focused on steps you can take to make your home and its contents more resistant to earthquake damage. This chapter presents ways you can prepare yourself and members of your family to survive an earthquake and to help others survive as well. It’s analogous to the fire drills in school or aboard an oceangoing ship. We’re pretty sure our school or the ship will not catch fire, but we conduct the fire drills all the same. Fire drills are built into our culture.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Seismology/Living_With_Earthquakes_in_The_Pacific_Northwest_(Yeats)/07%3A_Prevention_and_Countermeasures/7.02%3A_Is_Your_Home_Ready_for_an_Earthquake%3F/7.2.02%3A_Some_Fundamentals%E2%80%94Inertia%2C_Loads%2C_and_DuctilityImagine for a moment that your house is anchored to a flatcar on a moving train. Suddenly the train collides with another train, and the flatcar stops abruptly. What happens to your house? If it’s a w...Imagine for a moment that your house is anchored to a flatcar on a moving train. Suddenly the train collides with another train, and the flatcar stops abruptly. What happens to your house? If it’s a wood-frame house, as most houses in the Northwest are, it probably would not collapse, although your brick chimney might topple over. If your house is made of brick or concrete block, unreinforced by steel rebar, then the entire house might collapse.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Seismology/Living_With_Earthquakes_in_The_Pacific_Northwest_(Yeats)/05%3A_Tectonic_Plates_Geologic_Time_and_Earthquakes/5.02%3A_Plate_Tectonics/5.2.01%3A_The_Earth%E2%80%99s_Crust%3B_Not_Very_Well_DesignedThe principal cause of crustal weakness is geothermal heat. Isotopes of radioactive elements within the Earth decay to other isotopes, producing heat that is trapped beneath the surface. Because of th...The principal cause of crustal weakness is geothermal heat. Isotopes of radioactive elements within the Earth decay to other isotopes, producing heat that is trapped beneath the surface. Because of this trapped heat, the crust is warmer with increasing depth, as anyone knows who has ever descended into a deep mine. Geothermal heat warms the City of Klamath Falls, Oregon, heats the hot springs of the Pacific Northwest, and causes the eruption of great volcanoes like Mt. St. Helens.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Seismology/Living_With_Earthquakes_in_The_Pacific_Northwest_(Yeats)/07%3A_Prevention_and_Countermeasures/7.01%3A_Earthquake_Insurance_(Betting_Against_Earthquakes)/7.1.05%3A_The_Nisqually_EarthquakeAt $2 billion, the Nisqually Earthquake was the most costly natural disaster in the history of Washington State. Insured losses were $305 million, about 15 percent of the total. Losses included not on...At $2 billion, the Nisqually Earthquake was the most costly natural disaster in the history of Washington State. Insured losses were $305 million, about 15 percent of the total. Losses included not only damage to structures but damage to contents and loss of data. For those businesses with losses greater than $10,000, about half received earthquake insurance payments. Most small businesses repaired their damage without insurance payments.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Seismology/Living_With_Earthquakes_in_The_Pacific_Northwest_(Yeats)/00%3A_Front_Matter/02%3A_Preface_to_the_Second_Edition
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Seismology/Living_With_Earthquakes_in_The_Pacific_Northwest_(Yeats)/07%3A_Prevention_and_Countermeasures/7.02%3A_Is_Your_Home_Ready_for_an_Earthquake%3F/7.2.13%3A_Okay%2C_So_What_Retrofitting_Are_You_Really_Going_to_Do%3FYou probably won’t take all of these steps in making your home safer against earthquakes. Doing everything would be costly and might not increase the value of your home unless it successfully rides ou...You probably won’t take all of these steps in making your home safer against earthquakes. Doing everything would be costly and might not increase the value of your home unless it successfully rides out an earthquake. So you might decide to live with some risk.
