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  • https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Physical)/Essentials_of_Geographic_Information_Systems_(Campbell_and_Shin)/09%3A_Cartographic_Principles/9.03%3A_Cartographic_Design
    In addition to effective use of colors and symbols, a map that is well designed will greatly enhance its ability to relate pertinent spatial information to the viewer. Judicious use of map elements, t...In addition to effective use of colors and symbols, a map that is well designed will greatly enhance its ability to relate pertinent spatial information to the viewer. Judicious use of map elements, typography/labels, and design principles will result in maps that minimize confusion and maximize interpretability. Furthermore, the use of these components must be guided by a keen understanding of the map’s purpose, intended audience, topic, scale, and production/reproduction method.
  • https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Physical)/Essentials_of_Geographic_Information_Systems_(Campbell_and_Shin)/08%3A_Geospatial_Analysis_II-_Raster_Data
    Following our discussion of attribute and vector data analysis, raster data analysis presents the final powerful data mining tool available to geographers. Raster data are particularly suited to certa...Following our discussion of attribute and vector data analysis, raster data analysis presents the final powerful data mining tool available to geographers. Raster data are particularly suited to certain types of analyses, such as basic geoprocessing, surface analysis, and terrain mapping. While not always true, raster data can simplify many types of spatial analyses that would otherwise be overly cumbersome to perform on vector datasets.
  • https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Physical)/Essentials_of_Geographic_Information_Systems_(Campbell_and_Shin)/02%3A_Map_Anatomy/2.03%3A_Map_Abstraction
    Image maps now provide geographic context for nightly news stories around the world, serve as a backdrop to local real estate searches and driving directions, and are also used for research purposes ....Image maps now provide geographic context for nightly news stories around the world, serve as a backdrop to local real estate searches and driving directions, and are also used for research purposes . The popularity and widespread use of such images speaks not only to recent technological advances and innovations but also, perhaps more important, to the geographer in us all.
  • https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Physical)/Essentials_of_Geographic_Information_Systems_(Campbell_and_Shin)/05%3A_Geospatial_Data_Management/5.04%3A_Data_Quality
    For example, the definition of a wetland boundary for the riverine wetlands in the eastern United States, where water is abundant, is often useless when delineating similar types of wetlands in the de...For example, the definition of a wetland boundary for the riverine wetlands in the eastern United States, where water is abundant, is often useless when delineating similar types of wetlands in the desert southwest United States. Indeed, the complexity and confusion associated with the conception of what a “wetland” is may result in difficulties defining the feature in the field, which subsequently leads to positional accuracy errors in the GIS database.
  • https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Physical)/Essentials_of_Geographic_Information_Systems_(Campbell_and_Shin)/07%3A_Geospatial_Analysis_I-_Vector_Operations
    Previously. we discussed different ways to query, classify, and summarize information in attribute tables. They don’t take particular advantage of the greatest strength of a geographic information sys...Previously. we discussed different ways to query, classify, and summarize information in attribute tables. They don’t take particular advantage of the greatest strength of a geographic information system (GIS), notably the explicit spatial relationships. Spatial analysis is a fundamental component of a GIS that allows for an in-depth study of the topological and geometric properties of a dataset or datasets. In this chapter, we discuss the basic spatial analysis techniques for vector datasets.
  • https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Physical)/Essentials_of_Geographic_Information_Systems_(Campbell_and_Shin)/08%3A_Geospatial_Analysis_II-_Raster_Data/8.02%3A_Scale_of_Analysis
    For example, the minimum, maximum, average, range, and so forth can be quickly calculated over the entire extent of the input raster and subsequently be output to a raster in which every cell contains...For example, the minimum, maximum, average, range, and so forth can be quickly calculated over the entire extent of the input raster and subsequently be output to a raster in which every cell contains that calculated value (Figure 8.8).
  • https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Physical)/Essentials_of_Geographic_Information_Systems_(Campbell_and_Shin)/08%3A_Geospatial_Analysis_II-_Raster_Data/8.01%3A_Basic_Geoprocessing_with_Rasters
    Most geographic information system (GIS) programs calculate raster buffers by creating a grid of distance values from the center of the target cell(s) to the center of the neighboring cells and then r...Most geographic information system (GIS) programs calculate raster buffers by creating a grid of distance values from the center of the target cell(s) to the center of the neighboring cells and then reclassifying those distances such that a “1” represents those cells composing the original target, a “2” represents those cells within the user-defined buffer area, and a “0” represents those cells outside of the target and buffer areas.
  • https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Physical)/Nature_of_Geographic_Information_(DiBiase)/zz%3A_Back_Matter/20%3A_Glossary
    Example and Directions Words (or words that have the same definition) The definition is case sensitive (Optional) Image to display with the definition [Not displayed in Glossary, only in pop-up on pag...Example and Directions Words (or words that have the same definition) The definition is case sensitive (Optional) Image to display with the definition [Not displayed in Glossary, only in pop-up on pages] (Optional) Caption for Image (Optional) External or Internal Link (Optional) Source for Definition "Genetic, Hereditary, DNA ...") (Eg. "Relating to genes or heredity") The infamous double helix CC-BY-SA; Delmar Larsen Glossary Entries Definition Image Sample Word 1 Sample Definition 1
  • https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Physical)/Nature_of_Geographic_Information_(DiBiase)/01%3A_Data_and_Information
    And the problems that the manufacturing process itself creates include uncertainties resulting from imperfections in the data, intentional or unintentional misuse of the machinery, and ethical issues ...And the problems that the manufacturing process itself creates include uncertainties resulting from imperfections in the data, intentional or unintentional misuse of the machinery, and ethical issues related to what the information is used for, and who has access to it. Click on the links at the bottom of the page to continue or to return to the previous page, or to go to the top of the chapter.
  • https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Physical)/Nature_of_Geographic_Information_(DiBiase)/00%3A_Front_Matter/02%3A_InfoPage
    The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by NICE CXOne and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the Californi...The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by NICE CXOne and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot.
  • https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Physical)/Nature_of_Geographic_Information_(DiBiase)/06%3A_National_Spatial_Data_Infrastructure_I
    The smaller trapezoid below the lens represents a sheet of photographic film. (The film actually is located behind the lens, but since the geometry of the incident light is symmetrical, we can minimiz...The smaller trapezoid below the lens represents a sheet of photographic film. (The film actually is located behind the lens, but since the geometry of the incident light is symmetrical, we can minimize the height of the diagram by showing a mirror image of the film below the lens.) Notice the four triangular fiducial marks along the edges of the film.

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