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- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Physical_Geography_(Lumen)/03%3A_The_Universe/3.01%3A_Introduction_to_the_UniverseThis chapter focuses on understanding cosmic phenomena, including the formation and expansion of the universe, differences between dark matter and energy, star systems, and types of galaxies. It explo...This chapter focuses on understanding cosmic phenomena, including the formation and expansion of the universe, differences between dark matter and energy, star systems, and types of galaxies. It explores the interactions between the Whirlpool Galaxy (M51) and the dwarf galaxy NGC 5195, revealing how past interactions have shaped M51's spiral arms. The text highlights cosmology's role in studying the universe, encompassing all existing matter, energy, space, and time.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Earth_Science_(Lumen)/16%3A_Light_and_the_Sun/16.02%3A_Doppler_EffectThis page explains the Doppler effect, introduced by Christian Doppler in 1842, describing how the frequency of waves changes due to the relative motion between the observer and source. It is notably ...This page explains the Doppler effect, introduced by Christian Doppler in 1842, describing how the frequency of waves changes due to the relative motion between the observer and source. It is notably observed in sound, as with sirens, where frequency increases when approaching and decreases when moving away.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Earth_Science_(Lumen)/15%3A_Stellar_Evolution_and_Our_Sun/15.01%3A_StarsThis page provides an overview of constellations, the energy flow in stars, and their classification by properties such as color and temperature. It highlights that stars, while seemingly close in the...This page provides an overview of constellations, the energy flow in stars, and their classification by properties such as color and temperature. It highlights that stars, while seemingly close in the sky, are spaced far apart in the universe. The page also introduces parallax for measuring nearby star distances and mentions indirect methods for more distant stars. Key concepts are summarized, along with review questions for evaluation.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Earth_Science_(Lumen)/16%3A_Light_and_the_Sun/16.03%3A_TelescopesThis page covers the evolution of astronomical observations, from Galileo's discoveries supporting the Copernican model to modern telescopes that utilize the electromagnetic spectrum for detailed anal...This page covers the evolution of astronomical observations, from Galileo's discoveries supporting the Copernican model to modern telescopes that utilize the electromagnetic spectrum for detailed analysis of celestial objects. It details different telescope types—refractors, reflectors, and space telescopes—highlighting advancements in technology that enhance our understanding of the universe.
