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- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Potsdam/Sedimentary_Geology%3A_Rocks_Environments_and_Stratigraphy/07%3A_Chemical_Biochemical_and_Other_Sedimentary_Rocks/7.02%3A_Siliceous_Sedimentary_RocksSiliceous sedimentary rocks direct precipitation from silica-saturated waters, from the accumulation of siliceous skeletal material, or pedogenic processes. There are a variety of mineralogical and g...Siliceous sedimentary rocks direct precipitation from silica-saturated waters, from the accumulation of siliceous skeletal material, or pedogenic processes. There are a variety of mineralogical and gem names for microcrystalline quartz. Bedded cherts, nodular cherts within other rocks, Banded Iron Formations (BIFs), and silcretes are the most common siliceous sedimentary rocks.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Potsdam/Sedimentary_Geology%3A_Rocks_Environments_and_Stratigraphy/10%3A_Depositional_Environments/10.05%3A_Carbonate_EnvironmentsCarbonate environments are most common in areas with warm, shallow marine water that is far removed from sources of clastic sediment. Distinctive carbonate facies can be used to recognize a spectrum ...Carbonate environments are most common in areas with warm, shallow marine water that is far removed from sources of clastic sediment. Distinctive carbonate facies can be used to recognize a spectrum of environments that include peritidal areas, lagoons, shoals, reefs, ramps, slopes, and deep marine settings.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Potsdam/Sedimentary_Geology%3A_Rocks_Environments_and_Stratigraphy/10%3A_Depositional_Environments/10.01%3A_Alluvial_SystemsAlluvial fans form where river systems spill from confined channels into open, unconfined areas; they are composed of a mixture of debris flow deposits and stream flow deposits. Fluvial channel bodie...Alluvial fans form where river systems spill from confined channels into open, unconfined areas; they are composed of a mixture of debris flow deposits and stream flow deposits. Fluvial channel bodies are typically composed of sand and gravel and have erosional bases. Floodplain deposits are finer grained and show evidence of terrestrial deposition and/or subaerial exposure. Avulsion and aggradation rates influence the architecture of fluvial and floodplain deposits.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Potsdam/Sedimentary_Geology%3A_Rocks_Environments_and_Stratigraphy/09%3A_Fossils/9.01%3A_Types_of_FossilsThe three types of fossils are body fossils (preserved parts of the actual organism), trace fossils (tracks, trails, and other types of fossilized behavior), and geochemical fossils (have a unique che...The three types of fossils are body fossils (preserved parts of the actual organism), trace fossils (tracks, trails, and other types of fossilized behavior), and geochemical fossils (have a unique chemistry caused by living organisms).
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Potsdam/Sedimentary_Geology%3A_Rocks_Environments_and_Stratigraphy/09%3A_FossilsA fossil is evidence of past life and can include preserved body parts, geochemical signatures, or even evidence of fossilized behaviors. This chapter begins with an overview of styles of preservatio...A fossil is evidence of past life and can include preserved body parts, geochemical signatures, or even evidence of fossilized behaviors. This chapter begins with an overview of styles of preservation and descriptive terminology then provides a series of diagrams to aid with fossil identification.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Potsdam/Sedimentary_Geology%3A_Rocks_Environments_and_Stratigraphy/09%3A_Fossils/9.02%3A_Types_of_PreservationRobust hard parts (teeth, bone, shell) and even soft parts (muscle, skin, other tissue) can be preserved. Replacement occurs when the original organic material is replaced with another material. Mol...Robust hard parts (teeth, bone, shell) and even soft parts (muscle, skin, other tissue) can be preserved. Replacement occurs when the original organic material is replaced with another material. Molds and casts are void and infills formed after organisms. Recrystallization occurs when a mineral changes to a more stable form. Carbonization happens when all the volatiles are driven off leaving only a carbon film. Permineralization occurs when mineral precipitate into void spaces.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Potsdam/Sedimentary_Geology%3A_Rocks_Environments_and_Stratigraphy/09%3A_Fossils/9.04%3A_Major_Fossil-Forming_Groups_(Invertebrates)The overwhelming majority of fossils come from invertebrates that have hard skeletal material. The most common and easily recognized are sponges, corals, brachiopods, bryozoans, mollusks (bivalves, g...The overwhelming majority of fossils come from invertebrates that have hard skeletal material. The most common and easily recognized are sponges, corals, brachiopods, bryozoans, mollusks (bivalves, gastropods, and cephalopods), certain arthropods, and echinoderms.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Potsdam/Sedimentary_Geology%3A_Rocks_Environments_and_Stratigraphy/06%3A_Carbonate_Sedimentary_Rocks/6.03%3A_Carbonate_Components_and_ClassificationCarbonates are classified based on the type and relative abundance of grains (skeletal, coated, pellets, and/or intraclasts) and the amount of interstitial mud (micrite) versus pore space/cement. The...Carbonates are classified based on the type and relative abundance of grains (skeletal, coated, pellets, and/or intraclasts) and the amount of interstitial mud (micrite) versus pore space/cement. There are two primary classification schemes: the Dunham scheme is more useful for outcrop and hand sample and the Folk scheme is more useful for thin sections.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Potsdam/Sedimentary_Geology%3A_Rocks_Environments_and_Stratigraphy/09%3A_Fossils/9.03%3A_Describing_FossilsThe morphology of fossils can be reasonably described by focusing on the number and size of holes occupied by the organism, the symmetry of the fossil, and the shape and internal structure of shells.
