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- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/The_Dynamic_Earth_(Kious_and_Tilling)/04%3A_Hotspots-_Mantle_Thermal_PlumesThe vast majority of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur near plate boundaries, but there are some exceptions. For example, the Hawaiian Islands, which are entirely of volcanic origin, have forme...The vast majority of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur near plate boundaries, but there are some exceptions. For example, the Hawaiian Islands, which are entirely of volcanic origin, have formed in the middle of the Pacific Ocean more than 3,200 km from the nearest plate boundary. How do the Hawaiian Islands and other volcanoes that form in the interior of plates fit into the plate-tectonics picture?
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/The_Dynamic_Earth_(Kious_and_Tilling)/04%3A_Hotspots-_Mantle_Thermal_Plumes/4.01%3A_Tuzo_WilsonWilson and other scientists, including Robert Dietz, Harry Hess, Drummond Matthews, and Frederick Vine, were the principal architects in the early development of plate tectonics during the mid-1960s -...Wilson and other scientists, including Robert Dietz, Harry Hess, Drummond Matthews, and Frederick Vine, were the principal architects in the early development of plate tectonics during the mid-1960s -- a theory that is as vibrant and exciting today as it was when it first began to evolve less than 30 years ago.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/The_Dynamic_Earth_(Kious_and_Tilling)/02%3A_Developing_the_Theory/2.03%3A_Magnetic_Stripes_and_Isotopic_ClocksThe age of a rock can be determined ("dated") by measuring the total amount of potassium in the rock, the amount of the remaining radioactive potassium-40 that has not decayed, and the amount of argon...The age of a rock can be determined ("dated") by measuring the total amount of potassium in the rock, the amount of the remaining radioactive potassium-40 that has not decayed, and the amount of argon-40.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/The_Dynamic_Earth_(Kious_and_Tilling)/01%3A_Historical_PerspectiveOrtelius suggested that the Americas were "torn away from Europe and Africa . . . by earthquakes and floods" and went on to say: "The vestiges of the rupture reveal themselves, if someone brings forwa...Ortelius suggested that the Americas were "torn away from Europe and Africa . . . by earthquakes and floods" and went on to say: "The vestiges of the rupture reveal themselves, if someone brings forward a map of the world and considers carefully the coasts of the three [continents]." Plate tectonics has proven to be as important to the earth sciences as the discovery of the structure of the atom was to physics and chemistry and the theory of evolution was to the life sciences.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/The_Dynamic_Earth_(Kious_and_Tilling)/03%3A_Understanding_Plate_TectonicsMap of East Africa showing some of the historically active volcanoes(red triangles) and the Afar Triangle (shaded, center) -- a so-called triple junction (or triple point), where three plates are pull...Map of East Africa showing some of the historically active volcanoes(red triangles) and the Afar Triangle (shaded, center) -- a so-called triple junction (or triple point), where three plates are pulling away from one another: the Arabian Plate, and the two parts of the African Plate (the Nubian and the Somalian) splitting along the East African Rift Zone.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/The_Dynamic_Earth_(Kious_and_Tilling)/zz%3A_Back_Matter/10%3A_Index
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/The_Dynamic_Earth_(Kious_and_Tilling)/03%3A_Understanding_Plate_Tectonics/3.01%3A_The_HimalayasThe collision and associated decrease in the rate of plate movement are interpreted to mark the beginning of the rapid uplift of the Himalayas. Fossils found in the sandstone layers offer dramatic evi...The collision and associated decrease in the rate of plate movement are interpreted to mark the beginning of the rapid uplift of the Himalayas. Fossils found in the sandstone layers offer dramatic evidence of the climate change in the Tibetan region due to plate movement over the past 100 million years. At present, the movement of India continues to put enormous pressure on the Asian continent, and Tibet in turn presses on the landmass to the north that is hemming it in.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/The_Dynamic_Earth_(Kious_and_Tilling)/00%3A_Front_Matter
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/The_Dynamic_Earth_(Kious_and_Tilling)/05%3A_Some_Unanswered_Questions/5.01%3A_What_went_on_before_the_break-up_of_PangaeaHowever, the pre-Pangaea history of plate tectonics is very difficult to decipher, because nearly all of the evidence has been obscured by later geologic and plate-tectonic processes, including the su...However, the pre-Pangaea history of plate tectonics is very difficult to decipher, because nearly all of the evidence has been obscured by later geologic and plate-tectonic processes, including the subduction of older oceanic crust, which carried with it the record of magnetic reversals and hotspot traces.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/The_Dynamic_Earth_(Kious_and_Tilling)/zz%3A_Back_Matter/01%3A_EndnotesHe later served (1976-81) as the Chief of the Office of Geochemistry and Geophysics, at USGS' headquarters in Reston, Virginia, and was in charge of the USGS studies before, during, and after the 18 M...He later served (1976-81) as the Chief of the Office of Geochemistry and Geophysics, at USGS' headquarters in Reston, Virginia, and was in charge of the USGS studies before, during, and after the 18 May 1980 catastrophic eruption of Mount St.
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/The_Dynamic_Earth_(Kious_and_Tilling)/00%3A_Front_Matter/02%3A_InfoPageThe LibreTexts libraries are Powered by NICE CXOne and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the Californi...The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by NICE CXOne and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot.
