17: Water and Landscapes
- Page ID
- 55129
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- 17.1: Topographic Maps
- This section introduces topographic maps as a way to represent Earth’s three-dimensional landscape on a two-dimensional surface. It explains how contour lines represent elevation and how their spacing can be used to interpret slope and the shape of the land. Students will use these maps to recognize features such as hills, valleys, ridges, and stream channels and to visualize the landscape represented by a map.
- 17.2: Surface Water
- This section examines how water moves across Earth’s surface and shapes the landscape. It follows water through the hydrologic cycle and into drainage basins and stream systems, then explores how flowing water erodes, transports, and deposits sediment. Different stream patterns and processes are considered along with flooding and its effects on people and landscapes.
- 17.3: Groundwater
- This section explores water stored and moving beneath Earth’s surface. It introduces groundwater, aquifers, the water table, and the properties that control how easily water can move through rock and sediment. It also examines groundwater extraction and water quality, connecting underground water resources to their importance for human use.
- 17.4: Mass Wasting
- This section examines the downslope movement of rock, soil, and sediment under the influence of gravity. It considers the factors that determine slope stability and distinguishes among different types of mass wasting. The section also explores how these hazards can be recognized, monitored, and sometimes prevented or mitigated.