10.3: Questions

Question 1 What percentage of Earth's surface is covered by ocean water?
71 percent
97 percent
61 percent
81 percent

Question 2 Salty ocean water makes the water
Corrosive to metallic solids
An inhabitable environment for all living organisms
Drinkable
Usable for irrigation of plants

Question 3 The salinity of ocean water is about
20 percent
35 percent
3.5 percent
1.2 percent

Question 4 What is one of the major sources of salt ions in ocean water?
Chemical weathering on the continents
Dissolution of coastal rocky materials
Electrical discharge in lightening events
Discharge of human wastes

Question 5 What is one of the major sources of salt ions in ocean water?
Underwater volcanic eruptions
Photosynthesis by green algae
Evaporation of ocean water
Electrical discharge in lightening events

Question 6 For surface ocean water, at what latitude are the temperatures highest?
Near the equator
Near the poles
At midlatitudes
At the subtropical regions

Question 7 What process removes salt ions from ocean water?
Carbonation in seashell building by marine organisms
Fishing
Salt harvesting by humans
Evaporation of ocean water by sunlight

Question 8 For surface ocean water, at what degree latitude is salinity highest?
0°
30°
45°
90°

Question 9 What process does NOT decrease the salinity of ocean water?
Fishing
Precipitation
Runoff from continent
Melting of sea ice

Question 10 What type of river does NOT affect the salinity of ocean water?
Ephemeral streams
Alluvial streams
Bedrock streams
Absence of interior drainage

Question 11 What process causes the salinity of polar surface water to vary with season?
Melting of sea ice
Fishing
Discharge from major rivers
Evaporation

Question 12 During what season is the Arctic Ocean least salty?
Autumn
Winter
Summer
Spring

Question 13 At low latitudes, ocean temperature at surface is
Low and temperature at depth is high
High and temperature at depth is high
High and temperature at depth is low
Low and temperature at depth is low

Question 14 At high latitudes, ocean temperature at surface is
Low and temperature at depth is low
Low and temperature at depth is high
High and temperature at depth is low
High and temperature at depth is high

Question 15 The difference in ocean surface temperature between low and high latitudes is explained by
The sun angle
The salinity of water
The discharge from land
The presence of marine organisms

Question 16 The rapid change in ocean temperature in low-latitude regions between 300 and 1,000 meters in depth is called
Thermocline
Geothermal gradient
Pycnocline
Hydrothermal gradient

Question 17 The rapid change in density of ocean water in low-latitude regions between 300 and 1,000 meters in depth is called
Thermocline
Geothermal gradient
Pycnocline
Hydrothermal gradient

Question 18 In the ocean layering model, most of the ocean water is
In the deep zone
In the transition zone
In the surface mixed zone
Equally distribution in the transition, surface mixed, and deep zones

Question 19 What process is responsible for temperature mixing in the surface mixed zone?
Waves
Sunlight penetration
Movement of marine organisms
Discharge of continental runoffs

Question 20 The elevation mapping of the ocean floor is called
Mapping
Oceanography
Bathymetry
Relief

Question 21 The boundary between continents and ocean is called
Continental margins
Oceanic margins
Seafloor margins
Marine margins

Question 22 Continental margins that do not tract along a plate boundary is called
Passive continental margins
Active continental margins
Inactive continental margins
Active continental margins

Question 23 In a passive continental margin, the landforms situated from the continent to the ocean floor include, in order,
Continental slope, continental rise, continental self
Continental rise, continental shelf, continental slope
Continental self, continental slope, continental rise
Continental rise, continental slope, continental self

Question 24 The continuation of river valleys into the continental self creates the feature of
Shelf valleys
Rise valleys
Underwater valleys
Slope valleys

Question 25 The continental shelf is important for
Natural resources of oil and gas
Surfing activities
Volcanic activities
Seafloor spreading

Question 26 Where do sediments from continental runoffs ultimately accumulate?
Continental rise
Continental shelf
Continental slope
All parts of the continental margin

Question 27 What feature at the continental margin is equivalent to alluvial fan at the mouth of a valley on the continent?
Deep-sea fan
Deep-sea basin
Depression
Continental crust

Question 28 Submarine canyons
Are seaward continuation of the river valleys in some cases
Are of unknown geological causes
Are caused by tectonic forces
Are caused by human activities

Question 29 Submarine canyons cut across
Continental slope and continental rise
Continental shelf and continental slope
Continental slope only
Continental rise only

Question 30 Active continental margins reside along
Oceanic-continental convergent plate boundary
Continental-continental convergent plate boundary
Oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundary
Any type of convergent plate boundary

Question 31 The piling up of seafloor sediment at the subduction zone creates
An accumulation wedge
Trench
Subduction erosion
Oceanic lithosphere

Question 32 The transporting of seafloor sediment at the subduction zone into the mantle creates
An accumulation wedge
Trench
Subduction erosion
Oceanic lithosphere

Question 33 The accumulation wedge
Makes the trench shallow
Makes the trench deep
Does not affect the morphology of the trench
Completely seals off the trench

Question 34 Subduction erosion often occurs with
Steep angle of descent of the oceanic plate
Gentle angle of descent of the oceanic plate
An accumulation wedge
A shallow trench

Question 35 The floor of the ocean basin is called
Abyssal plain
Ocean shelf
Continental basin
River basin

Question 36 The volcanic mountains on the ocean floors are called
Seamounts
Volcanic necks
Convergent boundaries
Fissures

Question 37 Oceanic plateaus are
Produced by lava flooding on the seafloor
An accumulation of seafloor sediment
An accumulation of seamounts
Produced by subduction erosion

Question 38 Volcanic islands will emerge at the ocean surface if
Plate movement does not cut off the source of magma
Subduction is smooth
The oceanic plateau is shallow
The oceanic trench is shallow

Question 39 Seafloor sediments whose origins are associated with the turbidity of continental rivers are said to be
Terrigenous
Biogenous
Hydrogenous
Atmospheric

Question 40 Seafloor sediments produced by hydrothermal vents are said to be
Terrigenous
Biogenous
Hydrogenous
Atmospheric

Question 41 Seafloor sediments that are fossil limestones are said to be
Terrigenous
Biogenous
Hydrogenous
Atmospheric

Question 42 The most abundant biogenous sediment on the seafloor is
Silicate
Calcium carbonate
Manganese oxide
Evaporite

Question 43 Which of the following seafloor materials can be both biogenous and hydrogenous?
Silicate
Calcium carbonate
Manganese oxide
Evaporite

Question 44 Which type of seafloor sediment is most useful for the study of ancient climate change?
All types of sediments are equally useful for studying ancient climate change
Biogenous sediments
Hydrogenous sediments
Terrigenous sediments