4.3: Questions
- Page ID
- 53061
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Question 1 What happens to a rock when it undergoes mechanical weathering?
It is broken into smaller pieces that retain the characteristics of the original material
It is transformed into a completely different type of rock
It becomes heavier and denser
It dissolves into a liquid
Question 2 What process, through repeated expansion by freezing of water, causes a rock to break apart?
Frost wedging
Salt crystal growth
Biological weathering
Chemical erosion
Question 3 Under what condition does frost wedging more commonly occur?
In tropical regions
In rocks with cracks and fractures
In arid regions
In rocks with smooth surfaces
Question 4 What is the result of mechanical weathering on a rock's surface area?
It increases surface area
It decreases surface area
It has no effect on surface area
It changes surface area in an unpredictable way
Question 5 Which of the following is an example of mechanical weathering?
A rock being broken into smaller pieces by frost wedging
A rock being dissolved by a chemical reaction
A rock being transformed into a different type of rock
A rock being melted by heat
Question 6 What is the role of erosional agents such as waves, wind, and running water in mechanical weathering?
They further break and abrade rock debris
They stop the mechanical weathering process
They have no effect on mechanical weathering
They reverse the effects of mechanical weathering
Question 7 Which of the following is a form of mechanical weathering?
Foliation
Freezing
Melting
Exfoliation
Question 8 What is the difference between mechanical and chemical weathering?
Mechanical weathering breaks rocks; chemical weathering changes the chemical composition
Mechanical weathering changes the chemical composition; chemical weathering breaks rocks
Mechanical weathering occurs in cold temperatures; chemical weathering occurs in hot temperatures
Mechanical weathering occurs in dry environments; chemical weathering occurs in wet environments
Question 9 What may occur after unloading on a mass of rocks?
Sheeting
Frost wedging
Biological weathering
Chemical erosion
Question 10 How do biological processes contribute to mechanical weathering?
They can break rocks apart through the growth of roots or the activities of organisms
They can change the chemical composition of the rock
They can stop the mechanical weathering process
They have no effect on mechanical weathering
Question 11 What is the main product of chemical weathering of granite?
Kaolinite
Sand quartz
Salt
Mudstone
Question 12 What is the result of simultaneous mechanical and chemical weathering on a rock?
The rock is broken down into smaller pieces and its chemical composition is changed
The rock is only broken down into smaller pieces, with no change to its chemical composition
The rock's chemical composition is changed, but it is not broken down into smaller pieces
The rock remains unchanged, with no change to chemical composition
Question 13 What are the ingredients for the formation of sedimentary rocks?
Weathering products
Magma
Water and other solvents
Existing rocks
Question 14 What is the term for the process of sediment being turned into rock?
Lithification
Sedimentation
Weathering
Erosion
Question 15 Where are sedimentary rocks most common?
At Earth's surface
In the Earth's core
In the ocean's depths
In the atmosphere
Question 16 What percentage of Earth's outer continental crust is composed of sedimentary rocks?
75 percent
90 percent
50 percent
25 percent
Question 17 What causes sedimentary rocks to cover most of the continental crust?
Convergence horizontally
Transformation by pressure and heat
Upwelling from below
Settling from above
Question 18 What is the primary force that removes weathered debris from bedrock?
Gravity
Wind
Water
Ice
Question 19 What is an example of sediment produced by the process of weathering?
Desert sand dune
Igneous rock
Metamorphic rock
Fossil fuel
Question 20 How do sediments become compacted?
By pressure in the mantle
By the force of wind
By the flow of water
By the weight of overlying layers
Question 21 What is deposited from water to cement sediments together?
Mineral matter
Organic matter
Sedimentary rocks
Igneous rocks
Question 22 What is a common visible feature of sedimentary rocks?
Strata
Foliation
Porphyritic structure
Sheeting
Question 23 What type of rock is the result of weathering, transport, and deposition?
Sedimentary rocks
Igneous rocks
Metamorphic rocks
Fossil fuels
Question 24 What is the process of sediment being carried away from its source?
Erosion
Deposition
Weathering
Compaction
Question 25 What is the role of running water in sedimentary rock formation?
To deposit sediment
To erode bedrock
To compact sediments
To cement sediments
Question 26 What type of rock is formed through the process of lithification?
Sedimentary
Igneous
Metamorphic
Foliated
Question 27 How do detrital sedimentary rocks form?
Through compaction and cementation
Through weathering and erosion
Through deposition and lithification
Through metamorphism and foliation
Question 28 The clastic sedimentary rock comprising angular-shaped particles is called
Breccia
Conglomerate
Sandstone
Limestone
Question 29 What is the result of the cementation process?
Sediments become solid rock
Sediments become loose particles
Sediments become compacted
Sediments become eroded
Question 30 What is the role of salt water in the formation of sedimentary rocks?
To cement sediments together
To compact sediments
To erode bedrock
To deposit sediment
Question 31 What is the primary factor that determines the type of sedimentary rock formed?
Composition of sediments
Size of sediments
Shape of sediments
Color of sediments
Question 32 What is the process of sediments being broken down into smaller particles?
Weathering
Erosion
Deposition
Compaction
Question 33 What sedimentary rock is formed from compaction and cementation on sand particles?
Sandstone
Shale
Limestone
Conglomerate
Question 34 Biochemical sedimentary rock formed from partially dissolved seashells is
Limestone
Coal
Rock salt
Shale
Question 35 A common fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock is
Shale
Limestone
Sandstone
Rock salt
Question 36 The clastic sedimentary rock comprising large, round-corner particles is called
Conglomerate
Breccia
Sandstone
Shale