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3.3: Questions

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    Question 1 What happens when magma reaches Earth's surface?
    It becomes sedimentary rock
    It becomes metamorphic rock
    It is called lava
    It disappears into the atmosphere

    Question 2 What type of rock does the Bowen’s reaction series primarily apply to?
    Igneous
    Chemical sedimentary
    Detrital sedimentary
    Metamorphic

    Question 3 Which of the following impacts igneous rock formation?
    Gravity
    Running water
    Pressure
    Temperature

    Question 4 In the Bowen’s reaction series, which mineral crystalize at high temperature?
    Quartz
    Muscovite
    Olivine
    Feldspar

    Question 5 In the Bowen’s reaction series, as mineral composition goes from ultramafic to felsic, what chemical element increases?
    Calcium
    Magnesium
    Iron
    Sodium

    Question 6 What does the Bowen’s reaction series signify?
    All minerals solidify within a range of temperature
    All metals solidify within a range of temperature
    All minerals solidify within a range of pressure
    All metals solidify within a range of pressure

    Question 7 What is the result of the process of crystallization or solidification of molten rock?
    Igneous rocks
    Sedimentary rocks
    Metamorphic rocks
    Fossils

    Question 8 What is the geothermal gradient?
    The rate at which the presence of felsic rock increases with depth
    The rate at which pressure increases with depth
    The rate at which temperature increases with depth
    The rate at which the presence of magic rock increases with depth

    Question 9 What is a key concept of the rock cycle?
    Any rock type can be transformed into any other type
    Rocks are static and unchanging
    Earth's crust is composed of a uniform type of rock
    The rock cycle only applies to igneous rocks

    Question 10 What is the process by which igneous rocks form?
    Cooling and crystallization of magma
    Weathering and erosion of existing rocks
    Deposition of sediments
    Metamorphism of existing rocks

    Question 11 Where is magma most often generated in Earth?
    In the mantle
    In the crust
    In the core
    In the atmosphere

    Question 12 Why does a magma body rise toward Earth's surface?
    Because it is less dense than the surrounding rocks
    Because it is denser than the surrounding rocks
    Because of its high viscosity
    Because of its low temperature

    Question 13 What causes the high temperature in Earth’s core?
    Volcanoes
    Radioactive decay
    Radiation of light
    Storms that deliver energy

    Question 14 What type of volcanic eruption was the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens?
    Explosive eruption
    Quiet outpouring of lava
    Fountain eruption
    Effusive eruption

    Question 15 What is the classification of igneous rocks that form when molten rock solidifies at Earth's surface?
    Extrusive rocks
    Intrusive rocks
    Sedimentary rocks
    Metamorphic rocks

    Question 16 What type of rock are the Hawaiian Islands composed of?
    Volcanic igneous rocks
    Sedimentary rocks
    Metamorphic rocks
    Intrusive igneous rocks

    Question 17 What type of igneous rocks form when magma solidifies at depth?
    Intrusive rocks
    Extrusive rocks
    Sedimentary rocks
    Metamorphic rocks

    Question 18 Andesite is an example of which igneous composition?
    Intermediate
    Coarse-grained
    Mafic
    Felsic

    Question 19 Mafic igneous rocks are comprised of which type of silicate minerals?
    Ferromagnesium
    Non-ferromagnesium
    Volcanic
    Magnetic

    Question 20 Basaltic igneous composition is also referred to as
    Mafic
    Felsic
    Intermediate
    Metamorphic

    Question 21 Igneous composition that is granitic is also referred to as
    Intermediate
    Rhyolitic
    Porphyritic
    Basaltic

    Question 22 Which type of texture is characteristic of igneous rocks formed at the surface?
    Fine-grained
    Coarse-grained
    Porphyritic
    Foliated

    Question 23 What can be inferred about the cooling rate of magma from a coarse-grained texture?
    It is slow
    It is rapid
    It is constant
    It is variable

    Question 24 What is the result of rapid cooling of magma on mineral grain size?
    Small crystals
    Large crystals
    No crystals
    Irregular crystals

    Question 25 Where do coarse-grained igneous rocks form?
    At great depth
    At Earth's surface
    In sediments
    In water

    Question 26 What type of igneous texture shows large crystals of one mineral and smaller crystals of other minerals?
    Porphyritic
    Fine-grained
    Coarse-grained
    Glassy

    Question 27 What is the geothermal gradient at the upper 100 km of the crust?
    10°C per kilometer
    25°C per kilometer
    50°C per kilometer
    100°C per kilometer

    Question 28 What is the igneous texture in which large crystals are embedded in a mass of fine-grained crystals?
    Clastic
    Porphyritic
    Foliation
    Obsidian

    Question 29 What is a common coarse-grained, felsic igneous rock?
    Granite
    Basalt
    Obsidian
    Rhyolite

    Question 30 What is an example of a fine-grained, mafic igneous rock?
    Basalt
    Obsidian
    Rhyolite
    Andesite

    Question 31 Which is an igneous rock of vesicular texture?
    Pumice
    Obsidian
    Basalt
    Rhyolite

    Question 32 What happens to small molten blobs ejected from a volcano during a violent eruption?
    They solidify in mid-air
    They melt on the ground
    They form a new volcano
    They create a landslide

    Question 33 Why do different minerals crystallize at different times in a large mass of magma?
    Because they solidify at different temperatures
    Because they are all the same mineral
    Because they are all different colors
    Because they are all different shapes

    Question 34 What is the purpose of observing the texture of an igneous rock?
    To make inferences about the rock's origin
    To determine the rock's color
    To identify the rock's mineral composition
    To measure the rock's size

    Question 35 According to Bowen's reaction series, which mineral is the first to crystallize from magma?
    Olivine
    Pyroxene
    Plagioclase feldspar
    Quartz

    Question 36 At what stage of crystallization do the minerals amphibole and biotite begin to form?
    At intermediate temperatures
    At high temperatures, with olivine
    At low temperatures, with quartz
    After the magma has completely solidified

    Question 37 Why are olivine and quartz not typically found in the same igneous rock?
    Because quartz crystallizes at a much lower temperature than olivine
    Because olivine and quartz have different chemical compositions
    Because olivine and quartz are formed through different geological processes
    Because quartz is denser than olivine

    Question 38 What is the process that separates minerals by temperature of crystallization during igneous rock formation?
    Magmatic differentiation
    Bowen's reaction series
    Crystallization
    Solidification

    Question 39 What happens to iron and magnesium in magma when olivine and pyroxene solidify?
    They are selectively removed from the melt
    They are added to the melt
    They remain unchanged in the melt
    They are replaced by other elements

    Question 40 Which minerals are typically found together as major constituents of the igneous rock granite?
    Quartz, potassium feldspar, and muscovite
    Olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase feldspar
    Amphibole, biotite, and quartz
    Muscovite, biotite, and olivine

    Question 41 According to Bowen's reaction series, at what temperature range do the minerals quartz, potassium feldspar, and muscovite form?
    At relatively low temperatures
    At intermediate temperatures
    At high temperatures
    At a specific temperature

    Question 42 What is the result of the crystallization of different minerals from magma in terms of the composition of the remaining melt?
    The remaining melt becomes more enriched in certain elements
    The remaining melt becomes more depleted in certain elements
    The remaining melt remains unchanged in composition
    The remaining melt becomes more homogeneous

    Question 43 How does crystallization impact the overall composition of the resulting igneous rock?
    The crystallization of different minerals removes certain elements from the melt, resulting in a rock with a unique composition
    The crystallization of minerals adds elements to the melt, resulting in a rock with a uniform composition
    The crystallization of minerals has no effect on the composition of the resulting rock
    The crystallization of minerals results in a rock with a composition that is identical to the original magma

    Question 44 What is the primary factor that determines the viscosity of magma, in addition to its temperature?
    Silica content
    Gas content
    Pressure
    Mineral composition

    Question 45 Which type of lava is the most viscous and tends to travel at imperceptibly slow speeds to form comparatively short, thick flows?
    Rhyolitic lava
    Basaltic lava
    Andesitic lava
    Granitic lava

    Question 46 How does an increase in temperature affect the viscosity of magma?
    It increases the viscosity
    It has no effect on viscosity
    It decreases the viscosity
    It changes the composition of the magma

    Question 47 Which type of lava is relatively fluid and has been known to travel long distances before solidifying?
    Basaltic lava
    Rhyolitic lava
    Andesitic lava
    Dacitic lava

    Question 48 What happens to the dissolved gases in magma when the confining pressure is reduced?
    They dissolve further into the magma
    They remain in the same state
    They increase in amount
    They come out of the magma and form bubbles

    Question 49 What type of magma has a low gas content?
    Felsic (rhyolitic) magma
    Mafic (basaltic) magma
    Andesitic magma
    Granitic magma

    Question 50 What happens to the gases in silica-rich rhyolitic magma as it rises and the confining pressure drops?
    They remain dissolved in the magma
    They are released immediately and escape
    They form large bubbles that rise quickly
    They react with the magma to form new minerals

    Question 51 Why does the highly viscous rhyolitic magma tend to trap gas bubbles as they form?
    Because its high viscosity prevents the escape of gases
    Because its low viscosity allows the bubbles to escape
    Because the magma is too hot and the bubbles dissolve
    Because the magma is too cold and the bubbles freeze

    Question 52 What is characteristic of rhyolitic (felsic) magmas when they extrude?
    They produce large amounts of lava
    They produce mostly hot gases and volcanic ash
    They produce only solid rock formations
    They produce underwater volcanoes

    Question 53 What is the term used to describe the largest intrusive igneous plutons?
    Batholiths
    Stocks
    Laccoliths
    Sills

    Question 54 What type of igneous body is characterized by its horizontal, concordant orientation with respect to the host rock?
    Sill
    Dike
    Laccolith
    Batholith

    Question 55 What happens to the minerals in igneous rocks as they begin to melt?
    The minerals with the highest melting points melt first
    All minerals melt at the same temperature
    The minerals with the lowest melting points melt first
    The minerals do not melt at all

    This page titled 3.3: Questions is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Likwan Cheng.

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