16.7: Sources
- Page ID
- 42015
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Figure 16.1.1: UCAR Center for Science Education. https://scied.ucar.edu/ carbon-cycle.
Figure 16.1.2: Data from Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego; and Pieter Tans, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/.
Figure 16.1.3: Data from University of New Hampshire. 2008. Carbon Pools & Fluxes. http://globecarboncycle.unh.edu/Carb...lsFluxes.shtml.
Figure 16.2.1: Image from © Okea/Fotolia. https://www.sciencedaily.com/ releases/2017/11/171127091115.htm.
Figure 16.2.2: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/docrep/u8480e/U84...graded%20soils.
Figure 16.5.1: Image by Whendee L. Silver.
Figure 16.5.2: USGS, California Water Science Center. Land Subsidence. https://ca.water.usgs.gov/land_subsidence/.
Sources for the Text
16.1 Natural and Working Lands in the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle
Schlesinger, W. H. 1991. Biogeochemistry: An Analysis of Global Change. Academic Press, Cambridge, MA.
16.2 Soils, Organic Matter, and Greenhouse Gas Dynamics
Big Facts on Climate, Agriculture and Food Security. CGIAR Research Program on Climate, Agriculture and Food Security. https://ccafs.cgiar.org/ bigfacts/#about=true.
FAO. 2010. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010. FAO Forestry Paper 163. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Nepstad, D. C., et al. 1994. The role of deep roots in the hydrological and carbon cycles of Amazonian forests and pastures. Nature 372, 666.
Post, W. M., et al. 1982. Soil carbon pools and world life zones. Nature 298, 156.
Scharlemann, J. P. W., et al. 2014. Global soil carbon: understanding and managing the largest terrestrial carbon pool. Carbon Management 5, 81–91.
Smith, P., et al. 2014. Agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU). In Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Edenhofer, O., et al. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.
Tubiello, F. N., et al. 2015. The contribution of agriculture, forestry and other land use activities to global warming, 1990–2012: not as high as in the past. Global Change Biology 21, 2655–2660.
16.3 The Role of Plants in Carbon Storage and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Beer, C., et al. 2010. Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: global distribution and covariation with climate. Science 329, 834–838.
FAO. 2010. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010. FAO Forestry Paper 163. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Harris, N. L., et al. 2012. Baseline map of carbon emissions from deforestation in tropical regions. Science 336, 1573–1576.
Kindermann, G. E., et al. 2008. A global forest growing stock, biomass and carbon map based on FAO statistics. Silva Fennica 42, 387–396.
16.4 Emissions Reduction via Management
US Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2014. EPA 430-R-16-002. US EPA, Washington, DC. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/ inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks-1990-2014.
IPCC. 2007. Climate Change 2007—Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Metz, B., et al. (eds)]. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/ assets/uploads/2018/03/ar4_wg3_full_report-1.pdf.
Rossi, S., et al. 2016. FAOSTAT estimates of greenhouse gas emissions from biomass and peat fires. Climatic Change 135, 699.
Ruddiman, W. F. 2003. The anthropogenic greenhouse era began thousands of years ago. Climatic Change 61, 261–293.
Sanderman, J., Hengl, T., and Fiske, G. J. 2017. Soil carbon debt of 12,000 years of human land use. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 114, 9575–9580. See correction in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 115(7), E1700. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800925115.
Shcherbak, I., Millar, N., and Robertson, P. 2014. Global metaanalysis of the nonlinear response of soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions to fertilizer nitrogen. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 11(25,) 9199–9204. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1322434111.
Smith, P., et al. 2008. Greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 363, 789–813.
Smith, P., et al. 2014. Agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU). In Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Edenhofer, O., et al. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.
16.5 Soil Carbon Recovery and Sequestration
Delonge, M., Ryals, R., and Silver, W. L. 2013. A lifecycle model to evaluate carbon sequestration potential and greenhouse gas dynamics of managed grasslands. Ecosystems 16, 962–979.
Griscom, B. W., et al. 2017. Natural climate solutions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 114, 11645–11650.
Henderson, B. B., et al. 2015. Greenhouse gas mitigation potential of the world’s grazing lands: modeling soil carbon and nitrogen fluxes of mitigation practices. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 207, 91–100.
IPCC. 2014. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Pachauri, R. K., and Meyer, L. A. (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/ syr/synthesis-report/.
Lal, R. 2010. Managing soils and ecosystems for mitigating anthropogenic carbon emissions and advancing global food security. BioScience 60, 708–721.
Paustian, K., et al. 2016. Climate-smart soils. Nature 532, 49–57. https://doi .org/10.1038/nature17174.
Smith, P., et al. 2008. Greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 363, 789–813.
US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Irrigated Agriculture in the United States. https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/ irrigated-agriculture-in-the-united-states/irrigated-agriculture-in-the -united-states/#I.%20Summarized%20data%20for%20all%20irrigated%20 farms.
Woolf, D., et al. 2010. Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change. Nature Communications 56, 1–9.
Zomer, R. J., et al. 2017. Global sequestration potential of increased organic carbon in cropland soils. Scientific Reports 7, 15554.