10.8: Student Responses

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1. Sample S1 is called ____________.

a. Conglomerate b. Crystalline Limestone c. Coal d. Shale e. Coquina f. Chert g. Dolostone h. Sandstone

2. Sample S1 is an example of a ______________.

a. Clastic Sedimentary Rock

b. Organic Sedimentary Rock

c. Chemical or Biochemical Sedimentary Rock

3. Sample S1 has the following characteristic:

a. effervesces in diluted HCl acid

b. weakly effervesces in diluted HCl acid if powdered

c. contains fossil shells and effervesces in diluted HCl acid

d. contains pebbles and finer sediments

e. a sooty or shiny appearance

4. The formation of Sample S1 includes: __________.

a. chemical weathering, transport of ions, precipitation of minerals, lithification

b. mechanical weathering, transport of sediment a short distance, deposition of sediment, lithification

c. photosynthesis, growth of organic material, deposition of organic materials, lithification

d. chemical weathering, transport of ions, precipitation of minerals as shells by organisms, deposition, lithification

5. Sample S2 is called ____________.

a. Conglomerate b. Crystalline Limestone c. Coal d. Shale e. Coquina f. Chert g. Dolostone h. Sandstone

6. Sample S2 is composed of ___________.

a. clastic sediments

b. calcite crystals

c. dolomite crystals

d. organic material

e. calcite shells

7. Closely examine the individual grains in Sample S2. Which of the following is true about its maturity?

a. It is mature because it contains a variety of different minerals.

b. It is immature because it is poorly sorted.

c. It is mature because it contains mostly rounded quartz grains.

d. It is immature because the grains are jagged.

8. The formation of Sample S2 includes: __________.

a. chemical weathering, transport of ions, precipitation of minerals, lithification

b. mechanical weathering, transport of sediment a long distance, deposition of sediment, lithification

c. mechanical weathering, transport of sediment a very short distance, deposition of sediment, lithification

d. photosynthesis, growth of organic material, deposition of organic materials, lithification

e. chemical weathering, transport of ions, precipitation of minerals as shells by organisms, deposition, lithification

9. Sample S3 is called ____________.

a. Conglomerate b. Crystalline Limestone c. Coal d. Shale e. Coquina f. Chert g. Dolostone h. Sandstone

10. Sample S3 is an example of a ________________.

a. Clastic Sedimentary Rock

b. Organic Sedimentary Rock

c. Chemical Sedimentary Rock

d. Biochemical Sedimentary Rock

11. Sample S3 has the following characteristic:

a. effervesces in diluted HCl acid

b. weakly effervesces in diluted HCl acid if powdered

c. contains fossil shells and effervesces in diluted HCl acid

d. contains pebbles and finer sediments e. has a sooty or shiny appearance

12. The formation of Sample S3 includes: __________.

a. chemical weathering, transport of ions, precipitation of minerals, lithification

b. mechanical weathering, transport of sediment a short distance, deposition of sediment, lithification

c. chemical weathering, transport of ions, precipitation of minerals, lithification, chemical alteration

d. photosynthesis, growth of organic material, deposition of organic materials, lithification

e. chemical weathering, transport of ions, precipitation of minerals as shells by organisms, deposition, lithification

13. Sample S4 is called ____________.

a. Conglomerate b. Crystalline Limestone c. Coal d. Shale e. Coquina f. Chert g. Dolostone h. Sandstone

14. Sample S4 is an example of a ____________.

a. Clastic Sedimentary Rock

b. Organic Sedimentary Rock

c. Chemical Sedimentary Rock

d. Biochemical Sedimentary Rock

15. Closely examine the individual grains in Sample S4. Which of the following is true about its maturity?

a. It is immature because it is poorly sorted.

b. It is mature because it is poorly sorted.

c. It is mature because it contains mostly rounded grains.

d. It is immature because it contains mostly rounded grains.

e. It is immature because it has clay-sized particles.

16. The formation of Sample S4 includes: __________.

a. chemical weathering, transportation of ions, precipitation of minerals, lithification

b. mechanical weathering, transportation of sediment a short distance, deposition of sediments, lithification

c. photosynthesis, growth of organic material, deposition of organic materials, lithification

d. chemical weathering, transportation of ions, precipitation of minerals as shells by organisms, deposition, lithification

17. Sample S5 is called ____________.

a. Conglomerate b. Crystalline Limestone c. Coal d. Shale e. Coquina f. Chert g. Dolostone h. Sandstone

18. Sample S5 is an example of a ____________.

a. Clastic Sedimentary Rock

b. Organic Sedimentary Rock

c. Chemical or Biochemical Sedimentary Rock

19. The history of formation of Sample S5 includes: __________.

a. chemical weathering, transportation of ions, precipitation of minerals, lithification

b. mechanical weathering, transportation of sediment a short distance, deposition of sediments, lithification

c. photosynthesis, growth of organic material, deposition of organic materials, lithification

d. chemical weathering, transportation of ions, precipitation of minerals as shells by organisms, deposition, lithification

20. Sample S5 has the following characteristic:

a. effervesces in diluted HCl acid

b. weakly effervesces in diluted HCl acid if powdered

c. contains fossil shells and effervesces in diluted HCl acid

d. contains pebbles and finer sediments e. a sooty or shiny appearance

21. Sample S6 is called ____________.

a. Conglomerate b. Crystalline Limestone c. Coal d. Shale e. Coquina f. Chert g. Dolostone h. Sandstone

22. The history of formation of Sample S6 includes: __________.

a. chemical weathering, transportation of ions, precipitation of minerals either biologically or inorganically, lithification

b. mechanical weathering, transportation of sediments a short distance, deposition of sediments, lithification

c. photosynthesis, growth of organic material, deposition of organic materials, lithification

d. chemical weathering, transportation of ions, precipitation of minerals as shells by organisms, deposition, lithification

23. Sample S6 is composed of _________.

a. clastic sediments

b. microcrystalline calcite crystals

c. microcrystalline dolomite crystals

d. microcrystalline quartz crystals

e. organic material

24. Sample S6 can be easily recognized by which of the following properties?

a. conchoidal fracturing

b. weakly effervesces in diluted HCl acid if powdered

c. fissule appearance

d. a sandpaper texture

e. a sooty or shiny appearance

25. Sample S7 is called ____________.

a. Conglomerate b. Crystalline Limestone c. Coal d. Shale e. Coquina f. Chert g. Dolostone h. Sandstone

26. Compared to Sample S2, how mature is Sample S7?

a. more mature

b. less mature

c. same level of maturity

27. Sample S7 consists of ____________.

a. fragments of calcite shells

b. clay-sized sediments

c. sand-sized sediments

d. organic material

e. dolomite crystals

28. Sample S7 can be easily recognized by which of the following properties?

a. conchoidal fracturing

b. weakly effervesces in diluted HCl acid if powdered

c. fissile appearance

d. a sandpaper texture

e. a sooty or shiny appearance

29. Sample S8 is called ____________.

a. Conglomerate b. Crystalline Limestone c. Coal d. Shale e. Coquina f. Chert g. Dolostone h. Sandstone

30. Sample S8 is an example of a ____________.

a. Clastic Sedimentary Rock

b. Organic Sedimentary Rock

c. Chemical Sedimentary Rock

d. Biochemical Sedimentary Rock

31. Sample S8 is most likely to weather by which of the following processes?

a. Dissolution

b. Frost Wedging

c. Oxidation

d. Hydrolysis

e. The addition and subtraction of heat

32. The history of formation of Sample S8 includes: __________.

a. chemical weathering, transportation of ions, precipitation of minerals, lithification

b. mechanical weathering, transportation of sediments a long distance, deposition of sediments, lithification

c. mechanical weathering, transportation of sediments a very short distance, deposition of sediments, lithification

d. photosynthesis, growth of organic material, deposition of organic materials, lithification

e. chemical weathering, transportation of ions, precipitation of minerals as shells by organisms, deposition, lithification

33. Search for 39 05 52.46N 84 30 56.16E and zoom out to an eye altitude of ~30,000 ft. The large-scale structures in this sedimentary environment are asymmetrical ripples (known as dunes at this size). Zoom in and out and examine the sedimentary environment. What type of sedimentary environment is this?

a. Lacustrine

b. Fluvial

c. Eolian

d. Glacial

34. What type of weathering do you think is most prominent in this sedimentary environment?

a. Mechanical weathering from a current

b. Dissolution

c. Frost Wedging

d. Hydrolysis

35. Study the large dunes in this image (zoom out to an eye altitude of ~25,000 feet). These structures can indicate the direction that the wind is blowing. What is the predominant wind direction in this area? (Hint: it is easier to see these features if we exaggerate the vertical scale to do this go to Tools, options, and on the 3D view tab change the Elevation Exaggeration to 3. To do this on a Mac go to Google Earth then Preferences)

a. north to south

b. south to north

c. east to west

d. west to east

36. Search for 64 01 03.61N 16 52 56.63W and zoom out to an eye altitude of ~25,000 ft. What type of sedimentary environment is this?

a. Lacustrine

b. Fluvial

c. Eolian

d. Glacial

37. What type of weathering do you think is most prominent in this sedimentary environment? (Make sure you evaluate all choices.)

a. Mechanical weathering from ice

b. Dissolution

c. Frost Wedging

d. Hydrolysis

e. Both a and c are correct

38. When the sediment you see today lithifies, what type of sedimentary rock would you expect to be most abundant in this area and how mature is this rock type?

a. Shale, Mature

b. Shale, Immature

c. Sandstone, Immature

d. Sandstone, Mature

e. Conglomerate, Immature

f. Conglomerate, Mature

39. Search for 44 42 16.98N 1 05 23.88W and zoom out to an eye altitude of ~17 miles. Notice the depth of this shallow bay (Arcachon Bay, France). This bay dries out at times and later greatly expands in size daily. What sedimentary structure would you likely find in this area because of this?

a. graded beds

b. finely layered beds

c. cross beds

d. mud cracks

40. What type of sedimentary environment is this?

a. lacustrine

b. tidal mudflats

c. deep marine

d. beach

41. Search for 20 20 23.94S 150 38 29.14E and zoom out to an eye altitude of ~25 miles (also zoom far out to notice where you are in the world). What type of sedimentary environment is this?

a. shallow marine

b. deep marine

c. delta

d. reef

42. Think about the origin of this marine formation and consider the latitude to assess climatic conditions. What is the most abundant type of rock you would expect to form in this sedimentary environment?

a. Limestone

b. Sandstone

c. Coal

d. Shale

43. If the sea level dropped 1,000 feet and this sedimentary environment stopped being built and began to break down, what type of weathering would be most likely to occur on these rocks?

a. Fracturing from the addition or subtraction of pressure

b. Dissolution

c. Frost Wedging

d. Hydrolysis

44. Search for 31 00 43.61N 81 25 40.92W and zoom out to an eye altitude of 1,500 ft. What type of sedimentary environment is this?

a. shallow marine

b. reef

c. fluvial

d. beach

e. tidal mudflat

45. What type of sediment would you expect to find in this depositional environment?

a. Mostly mature clastic sediments with some biochemical and chemical sedimentary sediments

b. Mostly biochemical and chemical sedimentary sediments with some mature clastic sediments

c. Exclusively organic sediments

d. Exclusively biochemical sediments

e. Exclusively immature clastic sediments